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B-SC-HONOURS in Botany at Calcutta Girls' College
Kolkata, West Bengal
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About the Specialization
What is Botany at Calcutta Girls' College Kolkata?
This B.Sc. (Honours) Botany program at Calcutta Girls'''' College focuses on providing a comprehensive understanding of plant life, from microscopic organisms to complex ecosystems. Rooted in the rich biodiversity of India, the curriculum covers fundamental aspects like plant anatomy, physiology, genetics, ecology, and delves into advanced areas such as plant biotechnology and bioinformatics. The program emphasizes both theoretical knowledge and practical skills crucial for addressing agricultural, environmental, and industrial challenges in the Indian context.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for high school graduates with a keen interest in biology and environmental science, aspiring researchers, and those seeking foundational knowledge for careers in agricultural science, forestry, environmental management, and pharmaceutical industries. It caters to students eager to explore plant diversity, understand genetic mechanisms, or contribute to sustainable development and conservation efforts across India.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates of this program can expect diverse career paths in India, including roles as botanists, plant breeders, ethnobotanists, ecologists, and horticulturists in government sectors (e.g., Botanical Survey of India, Forest Department), agricultural research institutions, and biotech firms. Entry-level salaries typically range from INR 2.5 - 4.5 LPA, with significant growth potential up to INR 8-15+ LPA with experience and advanced degrees. The program also provides a strong foundation for postgraduate studies and competitive examinations.
Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Master Basic Biological Concepts- (Semester 1-2)
Dedicate time in Semesters 1-2 to build a strong foundation in core Botany subjects like Phycology, Microbiology, Cell Biology, Mycology, and Archegoniate. Focus on understanding fundamental principles rather than rote memorization. Actively participate in lab sessions to familiarize yourself with plant specimens and microscopic techniques. Utilize online resources like Khan Academy for clarifying complex topics and NCERT textbooks for strengthening basics.
Tools & Resources
Textbooks (e.g., standard Botany texts by Vashishta, Singh, Pandey & Chadha), Microscope and lab manuals, Online biology tutorials, NCERT Science textbooks
Career Connection
A solid foundation is crucial for excelling in advanced subjects and forms the base for any future specialization in research or industry. It improves analytical skills vital for scientific roles.
Develop Effective Study Habits and Peer Learning- (Semester 1-2)
Form study groups with classmates to discuss challenging concepts, share notes, and prepare for internal assessments. Practice diagram drawing regularly, as botanical studies are highly visual. Seek clarification from faculty during office hours. Maintain organized notes and revise regularly, focusing on understanding life cycles and taxonomic classifications. Engage in college botanical club activities.
Tools & Resources
Study groups, Library resources, Faculty mentorship, Diagramming tools/apps
Career Connection
Teamwork and communication skills are highly valued in research and professional environments. Effective study habits ensure consistent academic performance, opening doors to higher education and scholarships.
Explore Interdisciplinary Connections Early- (Semester 1-2)
Beyond core Botany, actively engage with your Generic Elective (GE) subjects from other disciplines (e.g., Chemistry, Zoology). Understand how these subjects complement Botany and broaden your scientific perspective. This holistic view is essential for fields like biochemistry or environmental science. Attend workshops or seminars related to interdisciplinary topics hosted by the college or university.
Tools & Resources
Interdisciplinary textbooks, Guest lectures, University seminar announcements
Career Connection
A broad understanding makes you versatile, enhancing your profile for interdisciplinary research roles or industries like agro-chemical and environmental consulting, particularly in India where integrated solutions are in demand.
Intermediate Stage
Engage in Practical Application and Field Exposure- (Semester 3-5)
In Semesters 3-5, actively participate in field trips, botanical excursions, and practical sessions related to Anatomy, Economic Botany, Ecology, and Systematics. Learn to identify local flora, perform plant dissections, and conduct ecological surveys. This hands-on experience is invaluable. Seek opportunities for short-term projects or internships in botanical gardens, local NGOs, or agricultural farms during vacations.
Tools & Resources
Field guides, Herbarium visits, Local botanical gardens, Internship portals (e.g., Internshala)
Career Connection
Practical skills and field experience are highly valued by employers in environmental consultancies, forestry, agriculture, and research labs. It builds a portfolio demonstrating applied knowledge.
Specialization through Skill Enhancement Courses- (Semester 3-4)
Carefully choose your Skill Enhancement Courses (SECs) in Semesters 3 and 4 based on your career interests. Whether it''''s Herbal Technology, Mushroom Cultivation, or Bioinformatics, dedicate extra effort to master the practical skills taught. Consider mini-projects related to your chosen SEC to gain deeper insights. These skills are often directly transferable to entry-level jobs in India.
Tools & Resources
SEC specific lab manuals, Online courses (e.g., NPTEL for Bioinformatics), Mentorship from department faculty
Career Connection
These specialized skills directly enhance employability in niche areas such as traditional medicine, agro-industry, or bioinformatics support roles, offering a competitive edge in the Indian job market.
Network and Participate in Academic Competitions- (Semester 3-5)
Attend university-level seminars, workshops, and inter-college botanical festivals. Network with students, faculty, and industry professionals. Participate in essay competitions, poster presentations, or quizzes related to botany to hone your communication and presentation skills. Join online forums or professional groups to stay updated on new research and opportunities in the field.
Tools & Resources
LinkedIn, Professional botanical societies (e.g., Indian Botanical Society), College/University event calendars
Career Connection
Networking opens doors to research collaborations, mentorship, and future job opportunities. Participation in competitions builds confidence and adds valuable experience to your resume for both academic and industry roles.
Advanced Stage
Deep Dive into Discipline Specific Electives (DSEs)- (Semester 5-6)
In Semesters 5-6, thoughtfully select your DSEs (e.g., Plant Biotechnology, Bio-statistics, Research Methodology, Advanced Plant Physiology) to align with your desired career path or higher studies. Focus on gaining in-depth knowledge and practical expertise in these specialized areas. Consider undertaking a small research project under faculty guidance to apply your DSE knowledge and develop research acumen.
Tools & Resources
Advanced research papers, Specialized software (e.g., R for Bio-statistics), Lab equipment specific to DSE chosen
Career Connection
Specialized knowledge from DSEs makes you a strong candidate for master''''s programs, PhD positions, and specialized roles in biotech, pharma, or agricultural research within India.
Prepare for Higher Education and Competitive Exams- (Semester 5-6)
Start preparing for postgraduate entrance exams like NET, GATE (for related subjects), or university-specific M.Sc. entrances in your final year. Identify target universities/institutions for advanced degrees. Work on your academic writing skills and prepare a strong Statement of Purpose. For those aiming for government jobs, begin preparation for relevant competitive exams (e.g., Forest Service, Agricultural Research).
Tools & Resources
Previous year question papers, Coaching institutes (if required), Career counseling services, University prospectuses
Career Connection
Proactive preparation significantly increases your chances of securing admission to prestigious Indian and international universities for higher studies or clearing competitive government examinations, leading to stable and impactful careers.
Develop Industry Readiness and Professional Portfolio- (Semester 6)
Refine your resume, cover letter, and interview skills. Attend campus placement drives or job fairs. For entrepreneurial aspirations, develop a business plan for a plant-based product or service. Consider building a digital portfolio of your lab reports, project work, and field photographs. Participate in mock interviews and presentation practices.
Tools & Resources
Resume builders, Mock interview sessions, Career services workshops, LinkedIn profile optimization
Career Connection
Being industry-ready enhances your employability for direct placements in Indian companies in sectors like seed technology, agri-biotech, food processing, or environmental management, ensuring a smooth transition from academics to professional life.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- Passed 10+2 examination or equivalent from a recognized Board/Council with at least 50% in aggregate and 45% in Botany (or related subject) OR 55% in Botany. Must have passed English at 10+2 level. Aggregate calculated on best four subjects excluding Environmental Studies.
Duration: 6 semesters / 3 years
Credits: 140 Credits
Assessment: Internal: For 75-mark theory papers: 10 marks IA; For 50-mark practical papers: 20 marks IA, External: For 75-mark theory papers: 65 marks End Semester Examination; For 50-mark practical papers: 30 marks End Semester Examination
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AECC 1 | Environmental Studies | Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course | 2 | Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies, Natural resources and associated problems, Ecosystems and their functions, Biodiversity and its conservation, Environmental pollution, Social issues and the environment |
| BOT-A-CC-1-1-TH | Phycology and Microbiology | Core Theory | 4 | Diversity and classification of Algae, Structure, reproduction, life cycles of Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta, General characteristics of Viruses, Bacteria, and Mycoplasma, Economic importance of Algae and Microbes, Lichens and their types |
| BOT-A-CC-1-1-PR | Phycology and Microbiology (Practical) | Core Practical | 2 | Microscopic examination of Algae, Staining techniques for Bacteria, Isolation of microbes from soil/water, Identification of bacterial cultures, Study of common algal forms |
| BOT-A-CC-1-2-TH | Biomolecules and Cell Biology | Core Theory | 4 | Chemical bonding and properties of water, Structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, Cell wall, plasma membrane, and cell organelles, Cell cycle and cell division (mitosis, meiosis), Enzyme classification and kinetics |
| BOT-A-CC-1-2-PR | Biomolecules and Cell Biology (Practical) | Core Practical | 2 | Qualitative tests for biomolecules, Mitosis and meiosis in onion root tips/flower buds, Microscopic examination of plant cells, Enzyme activity determination, Preparation of standard solutions |
| GE-1 | Generic Elective - 1 (Interdisciplinary) | Generic Elective Theory | 4 | Student chooses one course from an allied discipline (e.g., Chemistry, Zoology, Physiology, Economics, History, Geography, Political Science, Philosophy, Mathematics, Computer Science, Statistics, Physics) as per college offerings., Specific topics depend on the chosen interdisciplinary subject. |
| GE-1-PR | Generic Elective - 1 (Practical) | Generic Elective Practical | 2 | Corresponding practical component for the chosen interdisciplinary GE-1 course., Specific topics depend on the chosen interdisciplinary subject. |
Semester 2
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AECC 2 | English Communication / MIL Communication | Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course | 2 | Language of communication, Speaking and Listening skills, Reading and Writing skills, Grammar and vocabulary, Report writing and presentation skills |
| BOT-A-CC-2-3-TH | Mycology and Phytopathology | Core Theory | 4 | General characteristics and classification of Fungi, Life cycles of major fungal groups (Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota), Economic importance of fungi (beneficial and harmful), Symptoms, causal agents, and control of plant diseases, Disease triangles and host-pathogen interactions |
| BOT-A-CC-2-3-PR | Mycology and Phytopathology (Practical) | Core Practical | 2 | Study of fungal specimens, Isolation and culturing of fungi, Identification of common plant diseases, Preparation of culture media, Microscopic examination of fungal structures |
| BOT-A-CC-2-4-TH | Archegoniate | Core Theory | 4 | General characteristics and classification of Bryophytes, Morphology, anatomy, and reproduction of Bryophytes (e.g., Marchantia, Funaria), General characteristics and classification of Pteridophytes, Morphology, anatomy, and reproduction of Pteridophytes (e.g., Selaginella, Pteris), Evolutionary significance of archegoniates |
| BOT-A-CC-2-4-PR | Archegoniate (Practical) | Core Practical | 2 | Study of external and internal features of Bryophytes, Study of external and internal features of Pteridophytes, Identification of common Bryophyte and Pteridophyte specimens, Microscopic examination of reproductive structures |
| GE-2 | Generic Elective - 2 (Interdisciplinary) | Generic Elective Theory | 4 | Student chooses one course from an allied discipline (e.g., Chemistry, Zoology, Physiology, Economics, History, Geography, Political Science, Philosophy, Mathematics, Computer Science, Statistics, Physics) as per college offerings., Specific topics depend on the chosen interdisciplinary subject. |
| GE-2-PR | Generic Elective - 2 (Practical) | Generic Elective Practical | 2 | Corresponding practical component for the chosen interdisciplinary GE-2 course., Specific topics depend on the chosen interdisciplinary subject. |
Semester 3
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SEC-A-1 | Herbal Technology (Skill Enhancement Course) | Skill Enhancement Elective | 2 | History and scope of herbal technology, Plant tissue culture techniques, Primary and secondary metabolites, Quality control and standardization of herbal products, Cultivation and processing of medicinal plants, Regulations and patenting of herbal drugs |
| SEC-A-2 | Nursery & Floriculture (Skill Enhancement Course) | Skill Enhancement Elective | 2 | Nursery management techniques, Propagation methods of ornamental plants, Greenhouse technology and protected cultivation, Principles of floriculture, Post-harvest handling of flowers, Entrepreneurship in nursery and floriculture |
| BOT-A-CC-3-5-TH | Anatomy of Angiosperms | Core Theory | 4 | Plant tissues and tissue systems, Structure of root, stem, and leaf (primary and secondary), Anomalous secondary growth, Vascular cambium and wood anatomy, Developmental anatomy of major plant organs |
| BOT-A-CC-3-5-PR | Anatomy of Angiosperms (Practical) | Core Practical | 2 | Microscopic study of plant tissues, Sectioning and staining of plant parts, Anatomy of monocot and dicot roots, stems, leaves, Identification of anatomical adaptations, Preparation of temporary mounts |
| BOT-A-CC-3-6-TH | Economic Botany | Core Theory | 4 | Origin and domestication of crop plants, Cereals, pulses, and vegetables, Sources of sugars, oils, fats, and beverages, Spices, condiments, and medicinal plants, Fibers, timbers, and rubber-yielding plants |
| BOT-A-CC-3-6-PR | Economic Botany (Practical) | Core Practical | 2 | Identification of economically important plant products, Microscopic examination of plant fibers and starches, Field visits to botanical gardens/markets, Documentation of traditional uses of plants, Preparation of herbarium sheets |
| BOT-A-CC-3-7-TH | Genetics | Core Theory | 4 | Mendelian principles of inheritance, Gene interactions and linkage, Chromosomal theory of inheritance, Gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations, Genetic recombination and gene mapping |
| BOT-A-CC-3-7-PR | Genetics (Practical) | Core Practical | 2 | Solving genetics problems, Chi-square test for genetic crosses, Karyotype analysis, Pedigree chart analysis, Study of polyploidy |
| GE-3 | Generic Elective - 3 (Interdisciplinary) | Generic Elective Theory | 4 | Student chooses one course from an allied discipline (e.g., Chemistry, Zoology, Physiology, Economics, History, Geography, Political Science, Philosophy, Mathematics, Computer Science, Statistics, Physics) as per college offerings., Specific topics depend on the chosen interdisciplinary subject. |
| GE-3-PR | Generic Elective - 3 (Practical) | Generic Elective Practical | 2 | Corresponding practical component for the chosen interdisciplinary GE-3 course., Specific topics depend on the chosen interdisciplinary subject. |
Semester 4
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SEC-B-1 | Biofertilizers (Skill Enhancement Course) | Skill Enhancement Elective | 2 | Introduction to biofertilizers, Nitrogen fixing biofertilizers (Rhizobium, Azotobacter), Phosphorus solubilizing biofertilizers (PSB), Mycorrhizal biofertilizers, Mass production technology of biofertilizers, Application and benefits of biofertilizers in agriculture |
| SEC-B-2 | Mushroom Cultivation Technology (Skill Enhancement Course) | Skill Enhancement Elective | 2 | Introduction to mushroom biology, Edible and poisonous mushrooms, Cultivation steps: Spawn production, composting, spawning, Harvesting, packaging, and marketing, Common edible mushroom species (e.g., Agaricus, Pleurotus), Economics of mushroom cultivation |
| SEC-B-3 | Medicinal Botany (Skill Enhancement Course) | Skill Enhancement Elective | 2 | Traditional systems of medicine (Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha), Cultivation and conservation of medicinal plants, Phytochemistry of active compounds, Pharmacognosy of crude drugs, Herbal drug formulation and quality control, Case studies of important medicinal plants |
| SEC-B-4 | Plant Breeding (Skill Enhancement Course) | Skill Enhancement Elective | 2 | Aims and objectives of plant breeding, Methods of plant breeding (selection, hybridization), Breeding for disease and pest resistance, Breeding for quality traits, Role of mutation and polyploidy in breeding, Intellectual property rights in plant breeding |
| SEC-B-5 | Bioinformatics (Skill Enhancement Course) | Skill Enhancement Elective | 2 | Introduction to bioinformatics and its applications, Biological databases (NCBI, EMBL, DDBJ), Sequence alignment (BLAST, FASTA), Phylogenetic analysis, Protein structure prediction, Drug discovery using bioinformatics tools |
| BOT-A-CC-4-8-TH | Plant Ecology & Phytogeography | Core Theory | 4 | Ecosystem structure and function, Biogeochemical cycles, Population and community ecology, Ecological adaptations of plants, Biodiversity conservation and management, Principles of phytogeography and vegetational zones |
| BOT-A-CC-4-8-PR | Plant Ecology & Phytogeography (Practical) | Core Practical | 2 | Ecological sampling techniques (quadrat, transect), Determination of vegetation parameters, Soil analysis (pH, moisture, organic matter), Study of plant adaptations, Mapping of vegetation types |
| BOT-A-CC-4-9-TH | Plant Systematics | Core Theory | 4 | Principles and objectives of plant systematics, Botanical nomenclature and classification systems, Taxonomic hierarchy and characters, Major families of Angiosperms (e.g., Poaceae, Fabaceae, Solanaceae), Herbarium techniques and botanical gardens, Molecular systematics and phylogeny |
| BOT-A-CC-4-9-PR | Plant Systematics (Practical) | Core Practical | 2 | Identification of flowering plants, Study of floral morphology and dissections, Preparation of floral diagrams and formulae, Herbarium preparation and maintenance, Use of taxonomic keys |
| BOT-A-CC-4-10-TH | Plant Physiology | Core Theory | 4 | Water relations of plants (absorption, transpiration), Mineral nutrition of plants, Photosynthesis (light and dark reactions), Respiration (glycolysis, Kreb''''s cycle, oxidative phosphorylation), Plant growth regulators (auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins), Photoperiodism and vernalization |
| BOT-A-CC-4-10-PR | Plant Physiology (Practical) | Core Practical | 2 | Measurement of water potential and transpiration, Demonstration of osmosis and plasmolysis, Effect of light on photosynthesis, Estimation of photosynthetic pigments, Activity of plant enzymes |
| GE-4 | Generic Elective - 4 (Interdisciplinary) | Generic Elective Theory | 4 | Student chooses one course from an allied discipline (e.g., Chemistry, Zoology, Physiology, Economics, History, Geography, Political Science, Philosophy, Mathematics, Computer Science, Statistics, Physics) as per college offerings., Specific topics depend on the chosen interdisciplinary subject. |
| GE-4-PR | Generic Elective - 4 (Practical) | Generic Elective Practical | 2 | Corresponding practical component for the chosen interdisciplinary GE-4 course., Specific topics depend on the chosen interdisciplinary subject. |
Semester 5
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BOT-A-CC-5-11-TH | Developmental Biology of Plants | Core Theory | 4 | Meristems and plant growth, Plant hormones and their roles in development, Seed development and germination, Differentiation of plant tissues and organs, Apical meristems and organogenesis, Molecular control of plant development |
| BOT-A-CC-5-11-PR | Developmental Biology of Plants (Practical) | Core Practical | 2 | Study of apical meristems, Effect of plant hormones on growth, Germination studies, Microscopic examination of embryo development, Tissue culture techniques demonstration |
| BOT-A-CC-5-12-TH | Plant Metabolism | Core Theory | 4 | Enzymes and their regulation, Carbon fixation pathways (C3, C4, CAM), Nitrogen metabolism (fixation, assimilation), Lipid metabolism and fatty acid synthesis, Secondary metabolites and their biosynthesis, Regulation of metabolic pathways |
| BOT-A-CC-5-12-PR | Plant Metabolism (Practical) | Core Practical | 2 | Enzyme assays, Estimation of nitrogen content, Separation of plant pigments, Tests for secondary metabolites, Measurement of respiratory rates |
| BOT-A-DSE-5-1-TH | Bio-statistics (Discipline Specific Elective - 1) | Discipline Specific Elective Theory | 4 | Measures of central tendency and dispersion, Probability and probability distributions, Sampling techniques and hypothesis testing, Correlation and regression analysis, Statistical tests (t-test, ANOVA, chi-square), Application of statistical software in biology |
| BOT-A-DSE-5-1-PR | Bio-statistics (Practical) | Discipline Specific Elective Practical | 2 | Solving statistical problems using biological data, Using MS Excel for data analysis, Interpretation of statistical results, Designing experiments with statistical considerations, Graphical representation of data |
| BOT-A-DSE-5-2-TH | Plant Biotechnology (Discipline Specific Elective - 1) | Discipline Specific Elective Theory | 4 | Principles of plant tissue culture, Micropropagation and protoplast culture, Genetic engineering of plants (vectors, gene transfer methods), Transgenic plants and their applications, Molecular markers in plant breeding, Bioethics and biosafety in plant biotechnology |
| BOT-A-DSE-5-2-PR | Plant Biotechnology (Practical) | Discipline Specific Elective Practical | 2 | Preparation of plant tissue culture media, Aseptic techniques for plant culture, Callus induction and regeneration, DNA isolation from plant tissues, Electrophoresis techniques |
| BOT-A-DSE-5-3-TH | Genetics and Plant Breeding (Discipline Specific Elective - 1) | Discipline Specific Elective Theory | 4 | Fundamentals of Mendelian and non-Mendelian genetics, Quantitative inheritance and polygenic traits, Principles of plant breeding and selection methods, Heterosis and hybrid vigour, Breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, Genomic selection and molecular breeding |
| BOT-A-DSE-5-3-PR | Genetics and Plant Breeding (Practical) | Discipline Specific Elective Practical | 2 | Analysis of genetic crosses, Estimation of heritability, Hybridization techniques in plants, Study of germplasm resources, Field visit to a plant breeding center |
| BOT-A-DSE-5-4-TH | Ethnobotany (Discipline Specific Elective - 1) | Discipline Specific Elective Theory | 4 | History and scope of ethnobotany, Methodology of ethnobotanical studies, Traditional knowledge systems, Ethnomedicinal plants and their uses, Ethno-veterinary medicine, Conservation of ethnobotanical diversity |
| BOT-A-DSE-5-4-PR | Ethnobotany (Practical) | Discipline Specific Elective Practical | 2 | Interview techniques for traditional healers, Documentation of traditional plant uses, Preparation of ethnobotanical specimens, Field survey of local medicinal plants, Analysis of ethnobotanical data |
| BOT-A-DSE-5-5-TH | Analytical Techniques in Plant Sciences (Discipline Specific Elective - 1) | Discipline Specific Elective Theory | 4 | Principles of microscopy (light, electron), Centrifugation and chromatography techniques, Spectrophotometry and electrophoresis, Radioisotope techniques in biology, Immunological techniques (ELISA, Western Blot), Application of bioinformatics tools |
| BOT-A-DSE-5-5-PR | Analytical Techniques in Plant Sciences (Practical) | Discipline Specific Elective Practical | 2 | Operation of spectrophotometer, Separation of compounds using chromatography, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, Microscopy exercises, Preparation of samples for analytical techniques |
| BOT-A-DSE-5-6-TH | Industrial and Environmental Microbiology (Discipline Specific Elective - 1) | Discipline Specific Elective Theory | 4 | Industrial applications of microbes (fermentation, enzymes), Microbial products (antibiotics, vaccines), Bioremediation and waste treatment, Microbial diversity in various environments, Role of microbes in biogeochemical cycles, Microbial techniques for pollution control |
| BOT-A-DSE-5-6-PR | Industrial and Environmental Microbiology (Practical) | Discipline Specific Elective Practical | 2 | Isolation of industrially important microbes, Demonstration of fermentation processes, Analysis of water and soil microbial populations, Testing for antibiotic sensitivity, Microbial degradation experiments |
Semester 6
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BOT-A-CC-6-13-TH | Plant Biotechnology | Core Theory | 4 | Plant tissue culture and micropropagation, Genetic engineering principles and gene transfer methods, Development of transgenic plants (Bt cotton, Golden Rice), Molecular markers (RAPD, RFLP, SSR), Bioethics and intellectual property rights in biotechnology, Applications in agriculture and industry |
| BOT-A-CC-6-13-PR | Plant Biotechnology (Practical) | Core Practical | 2 | Preparation of explants for tissue culture, Callus induction and regeneration of plantlets, Demonstration of genetic transformation, DNA isolation and quantification, Agarose gel electrophoresis |
| BOT-A-CC-6-14-TH | Plant Reproductive Biology | Core Theory | 4 | Structure and development of flower, Microsporangium and pollen development, Megasporangium and embryo sac development, Pollination mechanisms and fertilization, Embryogenesis and apomixis, Seed and fruit development |
| BOT-A-CC-6-14-PR | Plant Reproductive Biology (Practical) | Core Practical | 2 | Study of floral morphology and dissections, Pollen viability tests, Observation of ovule and embryo sac, Germination of pollen grains, Study of various types of fruits and seeds |
| BOT-A-DSE-6-1-TH | Advanced Plant Physiology (Discipline Specific Elective - 2) | Discipline Specific Elective Theory | 4 | Photoreceptors and signal transduction, Stress physiology (drought, salinity, temperature), Senescence and abscission, Secondary metabolism and defense mechanisms, Ion transport and membrane dynamics, Advanced topics in photosynthesis and respiration |
| BOT-A-DSE-6-1-PR | Advanced Plant Physiology (Practical) | Discipline Specific Elective Practical | 2 | Analysis of plant responses to stress, Hormonal effects on plant development, Measurement of photosynthetic rate using advanced methods, Study of enzyme kinetics, Separation of plant metabolites |
| BOT-A-DSE-6-2-TH | Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (Discipline Specific Elective - 2) | Discipline Specific Elective Theory | 4 | Introduction to programming in bioinformatics (Python/R), Biological sequence analysis (nucleic acids, proteins), Genomics and transcriptomics, Proteomics and metabolomics, Phylogenetic analysis and tree building, Molecular modeling and drug design |
| BOT-A-DSE-6-2-PR | Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (Practical) | Discipline Specific Elective Practical | 2 | Database searches using NCBI tools, Sequence alignment using BLAST/FASTA, Phylogenetic tree construction, Protein structure visualization, Introduction to programming for biological data |
| BOT-A-DSE-6-3-TH | Cellular and Molecular Biology (Discipline Specific Elective - 2) | Discipline Specific Elective Theory | 4 | Structure and function of cell organelles, Membrane transport mechanisms, Protein targeting and sorting, DNA replication, transcription, and translation, Gene expression regulation, Cell signaling and apoptosis |
| BOT-A-DSE-6-3-PR | Cellular and Molecular Biology (Practical) | Discipline Specific Elective Practical | 2 | Microscopic techniques for cell study, DNA isolation and quantification, PCR amplification demonstration, Protein estimation methods, Chromatographic separation of macromolecules |
| BOT-A-DSE-6-4-TH | Forest Botany (Discipline Specific Elective - 2) | Discipline Specific Elective Theory | 4 | Forest types and ecosystems in India, Forest management and silviculture, Non-timber forest products (NTFP), Forest pathology and pests, Conservation of forest resources and biodiversity, Agroforestry systems and practices |
| BOT-A-DSE-6-4-PR | Forest Botany (Practical) | Discipline Specific Elective Practical | 2 | Identification of common forest trees, Study of forest community structure, Field visit to a forest area/botanical garden, Assessment of forest biomass, Analysis of NTFP products |
| BOT-A-DSE-6-5-TH | Research Methodology (Discipline Specific Elective - 2) | Discipline Specific Elective Theory | 4 | Principles of scientific research, Formulation of research problems and hypotheses, Experimental design and data collection methods, Statistical analysis of biological data, Scientific writing and presentation skills, Ethics in research and intellectual property rights |
| BOT-A-DSE-6-5-PR | Research Methodology (Practical) | Discipline Specific Elective Practical | 2 | Literature search and review, Designing a simple experiment, Data collection and basic statistical analysis, Preparation of research proposals, Presentation of research findings |
| BOT-A-DSE-6-6-TH | Immunology (Discipline Specific Elective - 2) | Discipline Specific Elective Theory | 4 | Components of the immune system, Innate and adaptive immunity, Antigens and antibodies, Humoral and cell-mediated immunity, Immunodiagnostic techniques, Vaccines and immunotherapy |
| BOT-A-DSE-6-6-PR | Immunology (Practical) | Discipline Specific Elective Practical | 2 | Blood group testing, Immunodiffusion techniques, ELISA demonstration, Staining of immune cells, Preparation of antigens/antibodies (demonstration) |
