.png&w=1920&q=75)
B-V-SC-A-H in General at College of Veterinary Science
Ludhiana, Punjab
.png&w=1920&q=75)
About the Specialization
What is General at College of Veterinary Science Ludhiana?
This B.V.Sc. & A.H. program at College of Veterinary Science, Ludhiana, focuses on providing comprehensive knowledge and practical skills in veterinary medicine and animal husbandry. It is crucial for India''''s agrarian economy, where livestock plays a vital role in livelihoods and food security. The program emphasizes a holistic approach to animal health, production, and welfare, distinguishing it as a foundation for diverse veterinary careers in the Indian context, addressing critical needs in rural and urban areas.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for aspiring veterinarians, recent 10+2 science graduates with a strong interest in animal care, biology, and public health. It also caters to individuals passionate about livestock management, wildlife conservation, and those looking to contribute to rural development and food safety in India. A strong aptitude for scientific study and a compassionate approach towards animals are key prerequisites for success in this demanding yet rewarding field.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates of this program can expect a diverse array of India-specific career paths, including veterinary practitioners in government and private sectors, animal researchers, public health officials, and specialists in dairy, poultry, or pharmaceutical industries. Entry-level salaries typically range from INR 4-7 lakhs annually, with experienced professionals earning significantly more. The growth trajectories in Indian veterinary services and related industries are robust, with increasing demand for skilled veterinarians in a rapidly expanding animal sector.
Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Master Core Biological & Anatomical Concepts- (Semester 1-2)
Dedicate significant time to understanding fundamental anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry. Utilize detailed textbooks, anatomical models, and virtual dissection tools. Attend all practical sessions diligently to gain hands-on familiarity with animal structures. Form study groups with peers to discuss complex concepts and prepare for practical examinations.
Tools & Resources
Standard veterinary textbooks (e.g., Sisson & Grossman''''s), GADVASU library resources, anatomy labs, 3D anatomy apps
Career Connection
A strong foundation in these subjects is paramount for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment in later clinical years, crucial for becoming a competent veterinarian.
Develop Early Observation & Animal Handling Skills- (Semester 1-2)
Actively participate in animal husbandry practicals, focusing on safe and ethical animal handling techniques. Spend time observing animals in the university farm/clinic to understand normal behavior and identify subtle deviations. Maintain a detailed logbook of observations and handling experiences, seeking feedback from instructors.
Tools & Resources
University livestock farms, small animal clinics, animal behavior guides, faculty mentors
Career Connection
Early development of these skills builds confidence and forms the bedrock for effective clinical interaction and safe practice, highly valued in Indian veterinary field roles.
Cultivate Scientific Reading & Critical Thinking- (Semester 1-2)
Beyond textbooks, start reading peer-reviewed articles and veterinary journals relevant to topics covered in classes. Engage in discussions with professors and senior students about current research and complex cases. Practice summarizing scientific literature to enhance comprehension and analytical abilities.
Tools & Resources
PubMed, Google Scholar, Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology, university digital library
Career Connection
This practice fosters a research-oriented mindset, essential for evidence-based veterinary medicine and pursuing higher studies or specialized research roles in India.
Intermediate Stage
Engage in Clinical Rotations & Case Discussions- (Semester 3-5)
Actively participate in all clinical rotations (medicine, surgery, gynecology), observing and assisting senior veterinarians. Take detailed case histories, perform physical examinations, and propose differential diagnoses. Present cases to faculty and participate in rigorous discussions to refine diagnostic and therapeutic skills.
Tools & Resources
University Veterinary Hospital, clinical case records, diagnostic labs, senior clinicians
Career Connection
Direct exposure to diverse cases enhances clinical judgment and prepares students for independent practice, crucial for roles in district veterinary hospitals or private clinics.
Build Practical Laboratory & Diagnostic Expertise- (Semester 3-5)
Intensively practice laboratory techniques taught in pathology, microbiology, parasitology, and clinical diagnostics. Focus on accurate sample collection, processing, and interpretation of results. Volunteer for extra lab hours or assist in research projects to gain deeper understanding of diagnostic procedures.
Tools & Resources
Diagnostic labs, microscopes, lab protocols, diagnostic kits, reference manuals
Career Connection
Proficiency in diagnostics is highly sought after by veterinary labs, pharmaceutical companies, and crucial for effective disease management in any veterinary setting.
Seek Early Exposure to Livestock & Public Health Projects- (Semester 3-5)
Participate in university-led field visits to dairy, poultry, and other livestock farms. Engage with extension education activities focused on farmer training and disease surveillance. Explore opportunities to work on public health projects related to zoonoses or food safety, understanding their implications in rural India.
Tools & Resources
University extension wings, local dairy/poultry cooperatives, NGOs working in rural animal health
Career Connection
This exposure is vital for careers in government animal husbandry departments, dairy boards, and public health agencies, which are significant employers in India.
Advanced Stage
Focus on Internship Specialization & Mentorship- (Semester 6-10 & Internship)
During the compulsory rotating internship, identify areas of particular interest (e.g., small animal surgery, large animal medicine, public health) and seek out mentorship from specialists in those fields. Proactively engage in advanced procedures and research within chosen areas, contributing to real-world cases.
Tools & Resources
Specialized clinics, referral hospitals, research institutes, faculty specialists
Career Connection
Targeted mentorship during internship can lead to advanced career opportunities, post-graduate studies, or specialized practice in competitive Indian veterinary markets.
Develop Communication & Client Education Skills- (Semester 6-10 & Internship)
Practice effective communication with animal owners, explaining diagnoses, treatment plans, and preventive measures clearly and empathetically. Utilize extension education principles to develop impactful educational materials for farmers and pet owners. Participate in awareness campaigns or workshops.
Tools & Resources
Communication workshops, role-playing scenarios, public health awareness programs, GADVASU outreach events
Career Connection
Excellent communication is critical for client trust in private practice, successful farmer engagement in extension services, and leadership roles in public health initiatives.
Prepare for Licensure & Post-Graduate Prospects- (Semester 6-10 & Internship)
Familiarize yourself with Veterinary Council of India (VCI) licensure requirements and prepare thoroughly for relevant examinations. Explore opportunities for Master''''s or PhD programs in specialized veterinary fields, both in India and abroad, and start preparing for competitive entrance exams like ICAR JRF/SRF or NEET-PG (for medical specializations if applicable later) or specific university entrance tests.
Tools & Resources
VCI regulations, study guides for competitive exams, university prospectus for post-graduate programs, career counseling cells
Career Connection
Strategic planning for licensure and higher education ensures professional recognition and opens doors to academic, research, or highly specialized clinical careers.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- 10+2 with Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Biotechnology and English with minimum 50% marks for General category (40% for SC/ST/OBC). Age between 17 and 25 years on 31st December of the admission year.
Duration: 5.5 years (10 semesters + 6 months compulsory rotating internship)
Credits: 212 (Lectures + Practicals) Credits
Assessment: Internal: 20%, External: 80%
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAP-111 | Veterinary Anatomy-I (Osteology, Arthrology & Topography) | Core | 4 | General osteology, Regional osteology of domestic animals, General arthrology, Regional arthrology, Topographical anatomy, Applied anatomy |
| VAP-112 | Veterinary Physiology-I (Blood, Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems) | Core | 3 | Blood composition and functions, Circulatory system physiology, Cardiac cycle, Respiratory mechanics, Gas exchange, Regulation of respiration |
| VBC-111 | Veterinary Biochemistry-I (Biomolecules) | Core | 3 | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Enzymes, Vitamins and minerals, Nucleic acids |
| LPM-111 | Livestock Production and Management-I (General Principles & Ruminants) | Core | 3 | Livestock farming systems, Housing of livestock, Breeds of cattle and buffalo, Feeding practices for ruminants, Reproduction management, Health care of ruminants |
| VEE-111 | Veterinary Extension Education-I (Rural Sociology & Psychology) | Core | 2 | Rural social structure, Rural institutions, Social change theories, Psychological principles, Motivation, Leadership |
| AHS-111 | Fodder Production and Grassland Management | Core | 2 | Importance of fodder, Types of fodder crops, Fodder conservation, Pasture management, Silage and hay making, Improved varieties |
| VCM-111 | Basic Computer Applications | Core | 1 | Introduction to computers, Operating systems, Microsoft Office suite, Internet applications, Data analysis tools, Presentation skills |
Semester 2
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAP-121 | Veterinary Anatomy-II (Splanchnology, Neurology & Aesthesiology) | Core | 4 | Digestive system anatomy, Respiratory system anatomy, Urogenital system anatomy, Central nervous system, Peripheral nervous system, Sense organs |
| VAP-122 | Veterinary Physiology-II (Digestive, Excretory, Endocrine & Reproductive Systems) | Core | 3 | Digestion in ruminants, Digestion in monogastrics, Kidney functions, Endocrine glands, Reproductive cycles, Pregnancy and lactation physiology |
| VBC-121 | Veterinary Biochemistry-II (Metabolism) | Core | 3 | Carbohydrate metabolism, Lipid metabolism, Protein metabolism, Energy metabolism, Integration of metabolism, Regulation of metabolic pathways |
| LPM-121 | Livestock Production and Management-II (Monogastrics, Laboratory Animals & Poultry) | Core | 3 | Swine production, Poultry management, Rabbit farming, Laboratory animal breeding, Equine management, Feed management for monogastrics |
| VPP-121 | General Veterinary Pathology | Core | 3 | Cell injury and adaptation, Inflammation and repair, Hemodynamic derangements, Neoplasia, Immunopathology, Pathological techniques |
| VMI-121 | General Veterinary Microbiology | Core | 3 | Bacterial morphology and growth, Sterilization and disinfection, Bacterial genetics, Principles of immunology, Viral structure and replication, Fungal characteristics |
| VPE-121 | Principles of Veterinary Parasitology | Core | 3 | Host-parasite relationship, Classification of parasites, Life cycles of parasites, Pathogenesis of parasitic infections, Diagnosis of parasitism, Anthelmintics and their use |
Semester 3
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VAP-211 | Veterinary Anatomy-III (Applied Anatomy & Developmental Anatomy) | Core | 3 | Surgical anatomy of various regions, Radiographic anatomy, Embryogenesis, Development of systems, Teratology, Clinical anatomy |
| VAP-212 | Veterinary Physiology-III (Lactation, Growth, Environmental Physiology & Animal Behaviour) | Core | 3 | Physiology of milk production, Factors affecting growth, Thermoregulation, Stress physiology, Learning and memory, Social behavior of animals |
| VBC-211 | Veterinary Biochemistry-III (Molecular Biology & Clinical Biochemistry) | Core | 3 | DNA and RNA structure, Gene expression, Recombinant DNA technology, Enzyme assays, Metabolic profiles, Organ function tests |
| VPH-211 | General Veterinary Pharmacology | Core | 3 | Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Drug receptors, Adverse drug reactions, Drug interactions, Routes of drug administration |
| VPA-211 | Systemic Veterinary Pathology | Core | 3 | Pathology of circulatory system, Pathology of respiratory system, Pathology of digestive system, Pathology of urogenital system, Pathology of nervous system, Pathology of endocrine system |
| VMI-211 | Systemic Veterinary Bacteriology & Mycology | Core | 3 | Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Pathogenesis of bacterial diseases, Mycotoxins, Systemic mycoses |
| VPE-211 | Veterinary Helminthology | Core | 3 | Trematodes of veterinary importance, Cestodes of veterinary importance, Nematodes of veterinary importance, Life cycles and pathogenesis, Diagnosis and control, Anthelmintic resistance |
| LPM-211 | Pet and Zoo Animal Management | Core | 2 | Breeds of dogs and cats, Feeding of pets, Health care of pets, Zoo animal housing, Nutrition of zoo animals, Conservation breeding |
Semester 4
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VPT-221 | Veterinary Toxicology | Core | 2 | General principles of toxicology, Poisonous plants, Mycotoxins, Pesticide toxicity, Heavy metal poisoning, Treatment of poisoning |
| VPH-221 | Veterinary Clinical Pharmacology & Chemotherapy | Core | 3 | Antibiotics, Antifungal drugs, Antiviral drugs, Antiparasitic drugs, Drug therapy in various systems, Drug resistance |
| VMI-221 | Systemic Veterinary Virology & Immunology | Core | 3 | DNA viruses, RNA viruses, Viral pathogenesis, Antiviral agents, Immune system components, Vaccination |
| VPE-221 | Veterinary Entomology & Acarology | Core | 3 | General entomology, Insects of veterinary importance, Ticks and mites, Insecticides and acaricides, Integrated pest management, Vector-borne diseases |
| VPP-221 | Veterinary Public Health | Core | 3 | One Health concept, Environmental hygiene, Waste management, Occupational health hazards, Control of zoonoses, Public health legislation |
| VPH-222 | Milk and Meat Hygiene, Food Safety and Public Health | Core | 3 | Milk production hygiene, Milk processing and quality, Abattoir practices, Meat inspection, Foodborne pathogens, HACCP |
| VAG-221 | Animal Genetics | Core | 3 | Mendelian genetics, Quantitative genetics, Population genetics, Cytogenetics, Molecular genetics, Gene mapping |
| VAG-222 | Animal Breeding | Core | 3 | Selection methods, Mating systems, Breeding plans, Estimation of genetic parameters, Genetic improvement programs, Conservation of animal genetic resources |
Semester 5
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VSU-311 | General Veterinary Surgery, Anaesthesia & Radiology | Core | 3 | Principles of surgery, Wound management, Surgical instruments, General anaesthesia, Local anaesthesia, Diagnostic imaging principles |
| VSR-311 | Veterinary Reproduction & Artificial Insemination | Core | 3 | Reproductive anatomy, Oestrous cycle management, Semen collection and evaluation, Artificial insemination techniques, Pregnancy diagnosis, Reproductive biotechnologies |
| VGO-311 | Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Core | 3 | Female reproductive physiology, Gestation period, Physiology of parturition, Post-partum period, Reproductive disorders, Obstetric procedures |
| VMC-311 | Veterinary Clinical Medicine-I (General & Systemic) | Core | 3 | Clinical examination methods, Principles of disease diagnosis, Therapeutic principles, Diseases of digestive system, Diseases of respiratory system, Metabolic disorders |
| VPP-311 | Veterinary Preventive Medicine-I (Bacterial, Fungal & Rickettsial Diseases) | Core | 3 | Biosecurity measures, Bacterial diseases prevention, Fungal infections control, Rickettsial diseases prophylaxis, Vaccination strategies, Disease surveillance |
| VET-311 | Veterinary Epidemiology and Zoonoses | Core | 3 | Epidemiological principles, Disease occurrence measures, Investigation of outbreaks, Zoonotic diseases classification, Control of zoonoses, One Health approaches |
| LPM-311 | Commercial Dairy Production | Core | 2 | Dairy farm planning, Breeding strategies for dairy animals, Feeding management, Milking practices, Value addition of milk, Dairy farm economics |
| VLD-311 | Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics | Core | 2 | Sample collection and preservation, Haematological examination, Biochemical analysis, Microbiological techniques, Parasitological diagnosis, Molecular diagnostic methods |
Semester 6
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VSU-321 | Regional Veterinary Surgery | Core | 3 | Surgery of head and neck, Thoracic surgery, Abdominal surgery, Urogenital surgery, Hernia repair, Amputation |
| VSU-322 | Veterinary Orthopaedics & Lameness | Core | 3 | Bone and joint disorders, Fracture management, Luxations and sprains, Tendon and ligament injuries, Diagnosis of lameness, Hoof care and trimming |
| VMC-321 | Veterinary Clinical Medicine-II (Infectious Diseases & Therapeutics) | Core | 3 | Bacterial infectious diseases, Viral infectious diseases, Parasitic infectious diseases, Fungal infectious diseases, Specific therapeutics, Control strategies for infectious diseases |
| VSR-321 | Veterinary Andrology & Assisted Reproductive Techniques | Core | 3 | Male reproductive physiology, Semen evaluation and preservation, Andrological examination, Embryo transfer technology, In-vitro fertilization, Sexing of semen |
| VGO-321 | Veterinary Obstetrics & Gynaecology | Core | 3 | Normal parturition management, Dystocia and its management, Post-partum complications, Uterine prolapse, Ovarian dysfunctions, Infertility in domestic animals |
| VPP-321 | Veterinary Preventive Medicine-II (Viral & Parasitic Diseases) | Core | 3 | Prevention of viral diseases, Control of parasitic diseases, Integrated parasite management, Vaccine development, Disease reporting systems, Quarantine measures |
| LPM-321 | Commercial Poultry Production | Core | 3 | Breeds of poultry, Hatchery management, Broiler production systems, Layer production systems, Poultry nutrition, Health management in poultry |
| VEE-321 | Veterinary Extension Education-II (Methods & Approaches) | Core | 2 | Individual contact methods, Group contact methods, Mass contact methods, Audio-visual aids, Communication process, Extension program planning |
Semester 7
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VSU-411 | Veterinary Anaesthesiology & Critical Care | Core | 2 | Pre-anaesthetic evaluation, Inhalant anaesthetics, Injectable anaesthetics, Anaesthetic monitoring, Fluid therapy, Emergency management |
| VMD-411 | Veterinary Clinical Diagnostics | Core | 2 | Clinical examination techniques, Interpretation of haematology, Biochemical profiles, Imaging diagnostics, Biopsy procedures, Differential diagnosis |
| VMC-411 | Veterinary Clinical Medicine-III (Companion Animal & Wildlife Medicine) | Core | 3 | Canine internal medicine, Feline internal medicine, Avian diseases, Exotic pet medicine, Wildlife health assessment, Conservation medicine principles |
| VGO-411 | Clinical Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Core | 3 | Clinical examination of female genitalia, Diagnosis of infertility, Management of anoestrus, Hormonal therapy, Assisted reproduction in clinics, Obstetric emergencies |
| VPA-411 | Veterinary Forensic Medicine & Jurisprudence | Core | 2 | Animal identification, Post-mortem changes, Medico-legal aspects, Poisoning investigation, Animal welfare laws, Professional ethics |
| VPP-411 | Veterinary Public Health | Core | 3 | Food safety systems, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP), Risk assessment in food safety, Foodborne diseases, Meat and milk product standards, International food regulations |
| LPM-411 | Equine Production and Management | Core | 3 | Breeds of horses, Breeding management, Nutrition of equines, Health care and common diseases, Housing and stable management, Training and riding |
| VEE-411 | Veterinary Ethics and Professionalism | Core | 2 | Ethical principles in veterinary practice, Veterinarian-client relationship, Animal welfare ethics, Professional conduct, Confidentiality, Ethical dilemmas |
Semester 8
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VSU-421 | Veterinary Ophthalmology & Dentistry | Core | 2 | Ocular examination, Diseases of the eye, Ophthalmic surgery, Dental anatomy, Dental diseases in animals, Dental procedures |
| VMD-421 | Veterinary Clinical Dermatology | Core | 2 | Skin structure and function, Dermatological examination, Pruritus and its causes, Allergic skin diseases, Parasitic dermatoses, Therapy of skin conditions |
| VMC-421 | Veterinary Clinical Medicine-IV (Emergency & Critical Care Medicine) | Core | 3 | Emergency triage, Management of shock, Trauma and injuries, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), Fluid therapy, Intensive care procedures |
| VSR-421 | Veterinary Preventive Medicine-III (Toxicology & Nutritional Diseases) | Core | 3 | Toxic plants identification, Mycotoxin prevention, Heavy metal toxicity management, Nutritional deficiencies, Metabolic disorders prevention, Feed additives and safety |
| VPP-421 | Veterinary Preventive Medicine-III (Regulatory Veterinary Medicine & Animal Welfare) | Core | 3 | Animal disease control regulations, Export and import regulations, Animal identification systems, Veterinary public health laws, Disaster management in livestock, Animal welfare legislation |
| VAB-421 | Veterinary Clinical and Laboratory Diagnostics | Core | 2 | Advanced diagnostic techniques, Serological tests interpretation, Molecular diagnostics applications, Cytology and histopathology, Quality control in laboratories, Laboratory accreditation |
| LPM-421 | Swine & Rabbit Production | Core | 3 | Breeds of swine and rabbits, Housing and management systems, Feeding practices for pigs and rabbits, Health management in swine, Health management in rabbits, Processing of pork and rabbit meat |
| VEE-421 | Veterinary Business Management & Entrepreneurship | Core | 2 | Business plan development, Financial management, Marketing strategies, Human resource management, Legal aspects of practice, Entrepreneurial opportunities |
Semester 9
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VMD-511 | Clinical Veterinary Medicine (Farm Animals) | Core | 4 | Diagnosis of ruminant diseases, Treatment of infectious diseases, Preventive measures in herds, Medical emergencies in farm animals, Fluid and electrolyte therapy, Drug administration techniques |
| VSU-511 | Clinical Veterinary Surgery (Farm Animals) | Core | 4 | Surgical affections of cattle, Sheep and goat surgery, Anaesthesia in large animals, Pre and post-operative care, Ambulatory surgical procedures, Traumatic injuries management |
| VGO-511 | Clinical Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics (Farm Animals) | Core | 4 | Diagnosis of reproductive disorders, Infertility management in dairy animals, Obstetric interventions, Artificial breeding programs, Embryo manipulation, Herd fertility management |
| VPP-511 | Animal Welfare, Ethics & Jurisprudence | Core | 3 | Concepts of animal welfare, Ethical considerations in animal use, Veterinary professional conduct, Indian animal laws, Prevention of cruelty to animals, Medico-legal cases |
| VPM-511 | Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology | Core | 4 | Advanced epidemiological methods, Zoonotic disease control, Food safety and security, Environmental impact on animal health, Public health interventions, Risk communication |
| LPM-511 | Small Ruminant Production | Core | 2 | Breeds of sheep and goat, Housing and feeding systems, Health calendar for small ruminants, Disease prevention strategies, Wool and meat production, Marketing of small ruminant products |
Semester 10
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| VMD-521 | Clinical Veterinary Medicine (Companion & Lab Animals) | Core | 4 | Diseases of dogs and cats, Avian and exotic pet medicine, Laboratory animal health, Clinical reasoning and diagnostics, Therapeutic regimens, Emergency and critical care |
| VSU-521 | Clinical Veterinary Surgery (Companion & Lab Animals) | Core | 4 | Soft tissue surgery in small animals, Orthopaedic surgery in dogs and cats, Anaesthesia protocols for pets, Pre-operative assessment, Post-operative management, Surgical oncology |
| VGO-521 | Clinical Veterinary Gynaecology & Obstetrics (Companion & Lab Animals) | Core | 4 | Reproductive physiology of dogs and cats, Breeding management in pets, Infertility diagnosis and treatment, Management of dystocia in pets, Caesarean section, Pediatric care for neonates |
| VPM-521 | Veterinary Extension & Rural Sociology | Core | 2 | Extension theories and models, Rural development programs, Socio-economic analysis, Communication for livestock farmers, Technology transfer strategies, Impact assessment of extension programs |
| VPH-521 | Animal Nutrition & Feed Technology | Core | 3 | Nutrient requirements of different species, Feed formulation principles, Feed processing technologies, Quality control of feeds, Nutritional disorders, Sustainable animal nutrition |
| VPT-521 | Clinical Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology | Core | 3 | Rational drug use, Pharmacovigilance, Drug residues in animal products, Diagnosis of toxicities, Therapeutic management of poisoning, Antidotes |
