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B-SC-HONS-NATURAL-FARMING in General at Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry
Solan, Himachal Pradesh
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About the Specialization
What is General at Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry Solan?
This B.Sc (Hons.) Natural Farming program at Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry focuses on sustainable and ecological agricultural practices. It''''s designed to equip students with knowledge and skills for farming systems that promote biodiversity, soil health, and environmental balance, crucial for India''''s push towards chemical-free agriculture and resilient food systems.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for fresh 10+2 graduates with a science or agriculture background keen on sustainable farming, ecological conservation, and rural development. It also suits individuals aspiring to become natural farming practitioners, farm managers, agricultural consultants, or entrepreneurs in the burgeoning organic and natural food sector in India.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates can expect diverse career paths in India, including natural farm management, agricultural extension services, organic produce marketing, and agri-entrepreneurship. With growing consumer awareness, roles in certification bodies and sustainable supply chains are also emerging, offering competitive salary ranges from entry-level to experienced positions in this specialized field.
Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Immersive Field Observation & Documentation- (Semester 1-2)
Actively participate in all field work and practical sessions, meticulously observing and documenting local natural farming practices. Utilize field journals, photography, and basic surveying tools to build a practical understanding of fundamental agronomy, soil science, and horticulture, laying a strong base for future studies.
Tools & Resources
Field journals, Camera/Smartphone, Basic surveying tools, University practical labs
Career Connection
Develops foundational practical skills, keen observation, and data recording abilities vital for any role in farming or agricultural research.
Multidisciplinary Conceptual Clarity- (Semester 1-2)
Focus on grasping core concepts across diverse subjects like Agronomy, Soil Science, Horticulture, Physics, Chemistry, Plant Physiology, and Microbiology. Leverage online resources like NPTEL (for fundamental sciences), e-Krishi Shiksha (ICAR e-courses), and university library resources to supplement lectures and form a holistic scientific understanding.
Tools & Resources
NPTEL, e-Krishi Shiksha (ICAR), University Digital Library, Textbooks
Career Connection
Ensures a strong theoretical foundation, critical for advanced studies, research, and informed decision-making in agricultural management.
Peer Learning & Study Groups- (Semester 1-2)
Form study groups with peers to discuss complex topics, prepare for practicals, and share insights from field visits. Engaging in collaborative learning helps reinforce knowledge, develop communication skills, and build a strong academic network within the natural farming community at the university.
Tools & Resources
Collaborative online platforms, University common areas, Discussion forums
Career Connection
Enhances problem-solving skills, fosters teamwork, and builds a professional network, valuable for future collaborations in the agricultural sector.
Intermediate Stage
Applied Project Participation & Skill Specialization- (Semester 3-5)
Actively seek opportunities to engage in mini-projects related to composting, bio-input preparation, or integrated farming systems. Utilize university labs and demonstration units to gain practical skills in organic residue management, livestock integration, and pest/disease management, specializing in areas of personal interest within natural farming.
Tools & Resources
University labs/farms, Agricultural extension centers, Local natural farms for observation
Career Connection
Develops hands-on expertise and allows for early specialization, making graduates more competitive for specific roles in sustainable agriculture.
Industry Exposure through Internships/Farm Visits- (Semester 3-5)
Beyond compulsory field practicums, proactively pursue short-term internships or intensive farm visits to successful natural farms or organizations promoting sustainable agriculture. This offers exposure to real-world challenges, business models in natural farming, and builds a professional network for future career opportunities in India.
Tools & Resources
Agri-startup networks, Local natural farming NGOs, University alumni connections
Career Connection
Provides practical industry insights, networking opportunities, and a competitive edge for securing placements or launching ventures.
Communication & Entrepreneurial Skill Development- (Semester 3-5)
Actively participate in workshops, seminars, and extension activities to hone communication, presentation, and farmer interaction skills. Start developing basic business plans for natural farming ventures, leveraging entrepreneurship development courses and university incubation centers, crucial for agri-entrepreneurship in India.
Tools & Resources
University career services, Entrepreneurship cells, Public speaking clubs, Business plan templates
Career Connection
Builds crucial skills for leadership, farmer liaison, and successful agri-business management, opening doors to entrepreneurial roles.
Advanced Stage
Intensive RAWE/ELP Engagement & Problem Solving- (Semester 7)
Dedicate full effort to the Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) or Experiential Learning Programme (ELP). Identify specific challenges faced by farmers in natural farming, propose innovative solutions, and implement small-scale interventions, developing strong problem-solving and community engagement skills essential for agricultural development in India.
Tools & Resources
Field survey tools, Data analysis software, Extension publications, Local community resources
Career Connection
Cultivates practical problem-solving, project management, and community engagement skills, highly valued in agricultural development and policy roles.
Research Project & Scientific Communication- (Semester 8)
Choose a compelling research topic for the Project Work that addresses a practical issue in natural farming. Master research methodology, data analysis, and scientific writing, aiming for publication in relevant journals or presentation at student conferences, enhancing academic and professional credibility.
Tools & Resources
Statistical software (R, SPSS), Scientific writing guides, Research databases (J-Gate, Scopus), University research mentors
Career Connection
Prepares for advanced research roles, academia, or positions requiring analytical and scientific reporting capabilities.
Career Mapping & Networking- (Semester 6-8)
Utilize university placement cells and career counselling services to identify specific career paths (e.g., natural farming consultant, policy analyst, agri-startup founder). Network extensively with alumni, industry leaders, and government officials through conferences and industry events, preparing for successful placements or launching entrepreneurial ventures in India''''s natural farming sector.
Tools & Resources
University placement cell, LinkedIn, Industry conferences/webinars, Alumni network
Career Connection
Facilitates direct entry into desired career paths by building professional relationships and gaining insights into industry demands and opportunities.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- 10+2 or equivalent with Physics, Chemistry and Biology / Mathematics / Agriculture (P.C.B./P.C.M./P.C.A.) and English as compulsory subjects with 50% marks (40% for SC/ST/PwD categories) in aggregate from a recognized Board/University.
Duration: 4 years (8 semesters)
Credits: 160 Credits
Assessment: Internal: undefined, External: undefined
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF 101 | Fundamentals of Agronomy | Core | 3 | History and scope of agronomy, Classification of crops, Factors affecting crop production, Tillage and tilth, Seeds and sowing, Nutrient management for crops |
| NF 102 | Fundamentals of Natural Farming | Core | 3 | Principles and philosophy of natural farming, Types of natural farming, Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF), Jeevamrut, Ghanjeevamrut, Beejamrut, Mulching, WAPSA |
| NF 103 | Introductory Soil Science | Core | 3 | Soil formation and composition, Soil physical properties (texture, structure), Soil chemical properties (pH, CEC), Soil organic matter, Soil organisms, Soil classification |
| NF 104 | Fundamentals of Horticulture | Core | 3 | Importance and scope of horticulture, Branches of horticulture, Classification of horticultural crops, Plant propagation methods, Plant growth regulators, Establishment of orchards |
| NF 105 | Basic Physics | Core | 2 | Units, dimensions, measurement, Mechanics (force, work, energy), Properties of matter, Heat and temperature, Sound, light, electricity, Modern physics applications in agriculture |
| NF 106 | Basic Chemistry | Core | 3 | Atomic structure, periodic table, Chemical bonding, Acids, bases, salts, Organic chemistry (hydrocarbons, functional groups), Biochemistry (carbohydrates, proteins, fats) |
| ENVS 101 | Environmental Studies and Disaster Management | Compulsory (Non-Credit) | 1 | Ecosystems, natural resources, Biodiversity, Environmental pollution, Global environmental issues, Waste management, Disaster management |
| FLD 101 | Field Work (Observation and Report) | Practical | 1 | Identification of crops and trees, Nursery practices, Field layout, Irrigation methods, Pest and disease identification, Farm record keeping |
Semester 2
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF 107 | Introductory Plant Physiology | Core | 3 | Water relations, absorption of water, Transpiration, photosynthesis, Respiration, plant nutrition, Plant growth regulators, Stress physiology |
| NF 108 | Agricultural Microbiology | Core | 3 | Microorganisms in soil, Nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, Biofertilizers, biopesticides, Compost and vermicompost microbiology, Plant-microbe interactions |
| NF 109 | Principles of Plant Breeding and Genetics | Core | 3 | Mendelian genetics, cell division, Heredity, variations, plant reproduction, Breeding methods (selection, hybridization), Mutation breeding, genetic engineering |
| NF 110 | Introduction to Entomology | Core | 3 | Insect morphology and anatomy, Insect classification, insect development, Beneficial insects, Insect pests of crops, Principles of pest management |
| NF 111 | Introduction to Plant Pathology | Core | 3 | Concept of plant disease, Classification of plant diseases, symptoms, diagnosis, Host-pathogen interactions, Disease cycle, General principles of plant disease management |
| NF 112 | Agricultural Meteorology | Core | 3 | Weather elements, atmospheric pressure, temperature, Humidity, rainfall, solar radiation, Weather forecasting, Climate change and agriculture, Agroclimatic zones |
| LANG 101 | English for Communication Skills | Core | 2 | Grammar and vocabulary, Listening and speaking skills, Reading comprehension, Report writing, Presentation skills, Group discussions |
Semester 3
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF 201 | Crop Production under Natural Farming - I | Core | 4 | Production of cereals (wheat, rice) under natural farming, Production of pulses (gram, lentil) under natural farming, Production of oilseeds (mustard, soybean) under natural farming, Cropping systems for natural farming, Integrated nutrient management |
| NF 202 | Fundamentals of Agro-Forestry | Core | 3 | Definition, scope, importance of agroforestry, Agroforestry systems and practices, Tree-crop interactions, Choice of trees and crops for agroforestry, Sustainability in agroforestry |
| NF 203 | Agricultural Economics and Marketing | Core | 3 | Principles of agricultural economics, Demand and supply, production functions, Cost concepts, farm planning and budgeting, Agricultural marketing channels and functions, Price determination and market efficiency |
| NF 204 | Organic Residue Management and Composting | Core | 3 | Importance of organic residues in natural farming, Aerobic and anaerobic composting methods, Vermicomposting techniques, Rapid composting techniques, Quality of compost and its utilization |
| NF 205 | Livestock and Poultry Management for Natural Farming | Core | 3 | Role of livestock in natural farming systems, Breeds of cattle, buffalo, goats, sheep, Housing and feeding management of livestock, Health management and common diseases, Poultry management and backyard rearing |
| NF 206 | Agricultural Engineering and Farm Machinery | Core | 3 | Sources of farm power and their utilization, Tillage implements and their functions, Sowing and planting equipment, Intercultivation tools and harvesting machinery, Water lifting devices and irrigation systems |
Semester 4
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF 207 | Crop Production under Natural Farming - II | Core | 4 | Production of commercial crops (sugarcane, cotton) under natural farming, Production of fodder crops and medicinal plants, Production of aromatic plants under natural farming, Seed production and quality control, Post-harvest practices for various crops |
| NF 208 | Protected Cultivation and Precision Farming | Core | 3 | Importance of protected cultivation, Types of protected structures (greenhouses, polyhouses, net houses), Environmental control in protected cultivation, Soil-less culture techniques, Precision farming tools and remote sensing |
| NF 209 | Value Addition and Post-Harvest Management | Core | 3 | Post-harvest losses and their prevention, Principles of food preservation (drying, chilling), Cleaning, grading, packaging of agricultural produce, Processing of fruits, vegetables, cereals, Marketing of value-added products and food safety |
| NF 210 | Entrepreneurship Development in Natural Farming | Core | 3 | Concepts of entrepreneurship and innovation, Business opportunity identification in natural farming, Project formulation and feasibility analysis, Financial management and sources of funding, Marketing strategies and government support schemes |
| NF 211 | Beekeeping, Mushroom Cultivation and Lac Culture | Core | 3 | Importance of beekeeping (apiculture), Bee species and apiary management, Mushroom types and cultivation techniques, Lac insect culture and economic importance, Processing and marketing of honey and mushrooms |
| NF 212 | Communication Skills and Personality Development | Core | 2 | Effective communication principles, Active listening and non-verbal communication, Public speaking and presentation skills, Interview techniques and group discussions, Team work, time management, and leadership qualities |
Semester 5
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF 301 | Weed Management in Natural Farming | Core | 3 | Weed biology and ecology, Classification of weeds, Cultural weed control methods, Mechanical and biological weed control, Allelopathy in weed management, Integrated weed management strategies |
| NF 302 | Bio-Inputs and Crop Nutrition for Natural Farming | Core | 3 | Role of biofertilizers (Rhizobium, Azotobacter), Biopesticides and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, Microbial inoculants, Indigenous nutrient sources (Panchagavya, vermiwash), Rock phosphate and other soil amendments |
| NF 303 | Crop Pests and Diseases Management under Natural Farming | Core | 3 | Principles of pest and disease management in natural farming, Cultural practices for pest/disease control, Biological control (predators, parasitoids), Botanical pesticides and their application, Trap crops and disease resistant varieties |
| NF 304 | Integrated Farming Systems | Core | 3 | Concept and advantages of Integrated Farming Systems (IFS), Components of IFS (crop, livestock, fish, horticulture), Nutrient recycling and waste utilization in IFS, Energy flow and sustainability in IFS, Designing and evaluating sustainable farming systems |
| NF 305 | Extension Education and Technology Transfer | Core | 3 | Principles of extension education, Communication process and models, Extension teaching methods and tools, Transfer of technology models, Role of extension in promoting natural farming |
| EL 301 | Elective Course - I | Elective | 3 | Agro-ecological farming principles, Horticultural crop management under natural farming, Advanced soil science principles, Applied microbiology in agriculture, Organic food processing technologies, Livestock breeding and genetics for natural farming |
Semester 6
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EL 302 | Elective Course - II | Elective | 3 | Water harvesting and management techniques, Climate smart agriculture practices, Seed production technology and quality assurance, Biological control of pests and diseases, Farm business management and finance, Agricultural biotechnology applications |
| NF 306 | Sericulture and Apiculture | Core | 3 | Silkworm varieties and mulberry cultivation, Silkworm rearing and silk production, Diseases and pests of silkworm, Bee species and apiary establishment, Honey processing and bee products |
| NF 307 | Principles of Agricultural Statistics | Core | 2 | Data collection, classification, tabulation, Graphical representation of data, Measures of central tendency and dispersion, Correlation and regression analysis, Basic experimental designs (CRD, RBD) |
| NF 308 | Communication and IT in Agriculture | Core | 3 | Role of ICT in agriculture and rural development, E-governance initiatives and digital platforms, Mobile applications for farmer advisory services, Social media for agricultural extension, Data management and geographic information systems (GIS) |
| NF 309 | Water Management and Irrigation Techniques | Core | 3 | Water resources and their conservation, Irrigation scheduling and water use efficiency, Surface irrigation methods (basin, furrow), Micro-irrigation techniques (drip, sprinkler), Drainage systems and watershed management |
| NF 310 | Field Practicum / Study Tour | Practical | 2 | Hands-on field exercises, Visit to natural farms and agricultural research stations, Observation of farming practices and challenges, Case studies and report submission, Exposure to diverse agricultural systems |
Semester 7
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF 401 | Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) / Experiential Learning Programme (ELP) | Experiential Learning | 10 | Village attachment for practical exposure, Documentation of natural farming practices, Enterprise development projects, Interaction with farmers and local community, Extension activities and problem-solving, Crop cafeteria and integrated farming demonstrations |
Semester 8
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NF 402 | Project Work | Project | 10 | Research methodology and problem identification, Literature review and hypothesis formulation, Experimental design and data collection, Statistical analysis and interpretation, Thesis preparation and oral presentation |
| NF 403 | Seminar | Seminar | 1 | Topic selection and literature review, Seminar preparation and slide design, Presentation skills and public speaking, Scientific communication and question handling, Critical thinking and academic discussion |
