

B-PHARM in General at Galgotias University


Gautam Buddh Nagar, Uttar Pradesh
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About the Specialization
What is General at Galgotias University Gautam Buddh Nagar?
This Bachelor of Pharmacy (B.Pharm) program at Galgotias University focuses on a comprehensive understanding of pharmaceutical sciences, drug discovery, development, and patient care. Grounded in the rigorous curriculum set by the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI), it prepares students for diverse roles across the Indian pharmaceutical industry, healthcare, and research sectors. The program emphasizes both theoretical knowledge and practical skills essential for modern pharmacy practice.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for 10+2 science graduates with a strong interest in chemistry, biology, and health sciences, aspiring to build a career in pharmaceuticals. It caters to freshers seeking entry-level positions in drug manufacturing, research and development, quality control, or clinical pharmacy within India. It is also suitable for individuals passionate about contributing to public health and drug accessibility.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates of this program can expect to pursue rewarding career paths such as drug inspector, hospital pharmacist, community pharmacist, research scientist, production chemist, or quality assurance officer. Entry-level salaries in India typically range from INR 2.5 to 4.5 lakhs per annum, with significant growth potential up to INR 8-15 lakhs for experienced professionals in managerial or specialized roles within Indian pharmaceutical companies.

Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Master Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences- (Semester 1-2)
Focus on building a strong foundation in Human Anatomy & Physiology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, and Basic Pharmaceutics. Utilize textbooks thoroughly, form study groups, and practice lab experiments meticulously to grasp core concepts. Consistent revision of these foundational subjects is crucial for subsequent advanced studies and competitive exams.
Tools & Resources
PCI recommended textbooks, Laboratory manuals, Peer study groups, Online anatomy/physiology atlases
Career Connection
A solid foundation is essential for understanding advanced drug mechanisms and formulations, critical for roles in R&D, QC, and clinical practice, and for competitive exams like GPAT/NIPER.
Develop Effective Communication Skills- (Semester 1-2)
Actively participate in communication skills practicals, group discussions, and presentations. Focus on improving both written and verbal communication, as pharmacists frequently interact with patients, doctors, and industry professionals. Seek feedback from instructors and peers to refine your presentation and interpersonal abilities.
Tools & Resources
Communication skills workshops, Toastmasters clubs (if available), Presentation software (PowerPoint), Grammar and writing guides
Career Connection
Strong communication is vital for patient counseling, effective teamwork, and successful interviews, leading to better career prospects in hospital, community, or corporate pharmacy roles.
Engage in Early Exposure to Pharmacy Practice- (Semester 1-2)
Beyond classroom learning, seek opportunities to visit local pharmacies, hospitals, or diagnostic labs to observe real-world pharmacy operations. Understand the role of a pharmacist in different settings and connect theoretical knowledge with practical applications. This early exposure can help clarify career interests.
Tools & Resources
Local community pharmacies, Hospital pharmacy departments (with permission), Guest lectures by practicing pharmacists
Career Connection
Early practical exposure enhances understanding of the pharmacy profession, aids in making informed career choices, and provides initial networking opportunities in the healthcare sector.
Intermediate Stage
Specialize in Practical Skills and Lab Techniques- (Semester 3-5)
Dive deep into practical subjects like Medicinal Chemistry, Industrial Pharmacy, and Pharmacology. Master laboratory techniques, instrumental analysis, and formulation development. Seek extra lab hours, volunteer for research projects, and ensure proficiency in handling pharmaceutical equipment and analytical instruments.
Tools & Resources
Advanced lab equipment, SOP manuals, Pharmaceutical journals, Mentorship from lab faculty
Career Connection
High proficiency in practical skills is highly valued by pharmaceutical industries for roles in R&D, manufacturing, quality control, and analytical development, making you placement-ready.
Build Industry Knowledge and Network- (Semester 3-5)
Attend industry webinars, seminars, and workshops organized by professional bodies or the university. Engage with guest speakers from pharmaceutical companies. Start building a professional network through LinkedIn and university alumni connections. Understand current industry trends and challenges in India.
Tools & Resources
LinkedIn, Industry event calendars (e.g., IPA, IDMA), Professional bodies websites, Alumni network platforms
Career Connection
Networking opens doors to internship opportunities, mentorship, and direct referrals, significantly enhancing your chances of securing desirable placements in top pharmaceutical companies.
Participate in Academic Competitions and Projects- (Semester 3-5)
Engage in quiz competitions, poster presentations, and small-scale research projects within the department. This hones problem-solving skills, critical thinking, and the ability to present scientific data effectively. Focus on topics relevant to drug discovery, formulation, or pharmacology.
Tools & Resources
Departmental research grants, Scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus), Mentors for project guidance, Competition platforms
Career Connection
Participation demonstrates initiative and research aptitude, making your profile stand out for higher studies (M.Pharm, PhD) or R&D roles in pharmaceutical companies and research institutions.
Advanced Stage
Undertake Intensive Internships and Industrial Training- (Semester 6-8 (preferably during breaks))
Secure internships in pharmaceutical manufacturing units, R&D labs, quality assurance departments, or hospital pharmacies. Focus on gaining hands-on experience, understanding standard operating procedures (SOPs), and contributing to real-world projects. This is crucial for bridging academic knowledge with industry demands.
Tools & Resources
University placement cell, Company career portals, Industry contacts, Internship platforms
Career Connection
Internships are often a direct pathway to pre-placement offers. They provide practical experience, enhance your resume, and give you a competitive edge in the job market, especially for roles in production, QA, and clinical research.
Prepare for Career-Specific Certifications and Exams- (Semester 7-8)
Identify certifications relevant to your chosen career path (e.g., regulatory affairs, pharmacovigilance, clinical research). Simultaneously, prepare diligently for competitive exams like GPAT (Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test) for postgraduate studies, or specific recruitment exams for government roles. Utilize mock tests and dedicated study materials.
Tools & Resources
GPAT study materials, NIPER entrance guides, Online certification courses (e.g., from NPTEL or Coursera), Mock test series
Career Connection
Certifications and strong scores in entrance exams significantly boost employability, qualify you for higher studies in premier institutions, and open doors to specialized, higher-paying roles.
Develop a Professional Portfolio and Interview Skills- (Semester 7-8)
Compile a professional portfolio showcasing your projects, internships, certifications, and research work. Practice interview skills, including technical, HR, and behavioral questions. Participate in mock interviews and aptitude tests conducted by the placement cell. Focus on articulating your skills and experiences effectively.
Tools & Resources
Portfolio creation tools, Interview preparation guides, University placement training programs, Resume building workshops
Career Connection
A well-prepared portfolio and excellent interview skills are critical for converting internship opportunities into full-time offers and securing placements with leading pharmaceutical companies and healthcare organizations in India.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- Passed 10+2 examination with Physics and Chemistry as compulsory subjects along with one of the Mathematics/ Biology. Obtained at least 45% marks (40% in case of candidates belonging to reserved category) in the above subjects taken together. Candidates are required to appear in CUET / GAT (Galgotias Aptitude Test) / other equivalent entrance exam followed by Personal Interview.
Duration: 4 years / 8 semesters
Credits: 228 Credits
Assessment: Internal: 20% (for theory), 50% (for practicals) as per PCI guidelines, External: 80% (for theory), 50% (for practicals) as per PCI guidelines
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP101T | Human Anatomy and Physiology I | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to Human Body, Cellular Level of Organization, Tissue Level of Organization, Integumentary System, Skeletal System, Joints and Muscular System |
| BP102T | Pharmaceutical Analysis I | Core Theory | 4 | Pharmaceutical Impurities, Volumetric Analysis, Acid-Base Titrations, Precipitation Titrations, Complexometric Titrations, Gravimetry |
| BP103T | Pharmaceutics I | Core Theory | 4 | Historical Background and Development of Pharmacy, Dosage Forms, Prescription and Posology, Powders and Liquid Dosage Forms, Biphasic Liquid Dosage Forms, Suppositories and Pharmaceutical Incompatibilities |
| BP104T | Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry | Core Theory | 4 | Impurities in Pharmaceutical Substances, Volumetric Analysis, Limit Tests, Major Intra and Extra Cellular Electrolytes, Dental Products, Gastrointestinal Agents |
| BP105T | Communication Skills | Skill Theory | 2 | Introduction to Communication, Communication Barriers, Effective Listening and Speaking, Interview Skills, Presentation Skills |
| BP106RBT/BP106RMT | Remedial Biology / Remedial Mathematics | Remedial Theory | 2 | Cell Biology, Tissues, Genetics, Plant Morphology, Basic Mathematics, Calculus |
| BP107P | Human Anatomy and Physiology I | Core Practical | 2 | Study of Skeleton, Microscopic Study of Tissues, Identification of Organs, Blood Pressure Measurement, Pulmonary Function Tests |
| BP108P | Pharmaceutical Analysis I | Core Practical | 2 | Preparation of Standard Solutions, Acid-Base Titrations, Redox Titrations, Precipitation Titrations, Complexometric Titrations |
| BP109P | Pharmaceutics I | Core Practical | 2 | Preparation of Powders, Preparation of Solutions, Suspensions and Emulsions, Suppositories, Incompatible Prescriptions |
| BP110P | Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry | Core Practical | 2 | Limit Tests, Identification Tests of Inorganic Drugs, Assay of Inorganic Drugs, Preparation of Inorganic Compounds |
| BP111P | Communication Skills | Skill Practical | 2 | Group Discussions, Mock Interviews, Role Play, Presentation Practice, Extempore Speech |
| BP112RP/BP112RMP | Remedial Biology / Remedial Mathematics | Remedial Practical | 2 | Microscopic Examination of Cells, Dissection of Plants (virtual/models), Basic Calculations, Graph Plotting, Equation Solving |
Semester 2
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP201T | Human Anatomy and Physiology II | Core Theory | 4 | Blood and Body Fluids, Cardiovascular System, Lymphatic System, Nervous System, Sense Organs, Endocrine System |
| BP202T | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I | Core Theory | 4 | Classification and Nomenclature of Organic Compounds, Structure and Properties of Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Aromaticity, Stereoisomerism, Alkyl Halides |
| BP203T | Biochemistry | Core Theory | 4 | Biomolecules: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Enzymes: Classification, Mechanism of Action, Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Metabolism of Lipids, Metabolism of Amino Acids, TCA cycle |
| BP204T | Pathophysiology | Core Theory | 4 | Basic Principles of Cell Injury and Adaptation, Inflammation and Repair, Cardiovascular System Disorders, Renal System Disorders, Respiratory System Disorders, Endocrine System Disorders |
| BP205T | Computer Applications in Pharmacy | Skill Theory | 2 | Introduction to Computers, Operating Systems, Word Processing, Spreadsheet Applications, Database Management Systems, Internet and its Applications |
| BP206T | Environmental Sciences | Skill Theory | 2 | Ecosystems, Biodiversity and its Conservation, Environmental Pollution, Solid Waste Management, Water Resources, Social Issues and the Environment |
| BP207P | Human Anatomy and Physiology II | Core Practical | 2 | Study of Blood Components, Determination of Blood Groups, Cardiovascular Reflexes, Nerve Muscle Physiology, Special Sense Organ Models |
| BP208P | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I | Core Practical | 2 | General Lab Techniques, Synthesis of Organic Compounds, Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds, Recrystallization and Melting Point Determination |
| BP209P | Biochemistry | Core Practical | 2 | Qualitative Tests for Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Estimation of Glucose, Assay of Enzymes, Urine Analysis, Blood Glucose Estimation |
| BP210P | Computer Applications in Pharmacy | Skill Practical | 2 | MS Word Document Creation, MS Excel Data Analysis, MS PowerPoint Presentation Design, Internet Browsing and Email, Use of Pharmaceutical Software |
Semester 3
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP301T | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II | Core Theory | 4 | Alcohols and Phenols, Carbonyl Compounds, Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives, Nitrogen Containing Organic Compounds, Heterocyclic Compounds |
| BP302T | Physical Pharmaceutics I | Core Theory | 4 | Matter, Properties of Matter, Micromeritics, Surface and Interfacial Phenomenon, Viscosity and Rheology, Dispersion Systems, Complexation and Protein Binding |
| BP303T | Pharmaceutical Microbiology | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to Microbiology, Microscopy and Staining Techniques, Sterilization and Disinfection, Culture Media and Cultivation of Bacteria, Microbial Genetics, Antimicrobial Agents |
| BP304T | Pharmaceutical Engineering | Core Theory | 4 | Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer, Evaporation and Distillation, Drying and Size Reduction, Size Separation, Filtration and Centrifugation |
| BP305P | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II | Core Practical | 2 | Synthesis of Organic Compounds, Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds, Preparation of Phenols, Carboxylic Acid Derivatives, Confirmation of Functional Groups |
| BP306P | Physical Pharmaceutics I | Core Practical | 2 | Determination of Particle Size, Rheological Studies, Surface Tension Measurement, Solubility Studies, Adsorption Isotherms |
| BP307P | Pharmaceutical Microbiology | Core Practical | 2 | Microscopic Examination of Microorganisms, Sterilization Techniques, Culture Media Preparation, Antibiotic Sensitivity Testing, Microbial Assays |
| BP308P | Pharmaceutical Engineering | Core Practical | 2 | Experiments on Fluid Flow, Heat Transfer Experiments, Size Reduction Studies, Drying Rate Experiments, Filtration Efficiency |
Semester 4
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP401T | Medicinal Chemistry I | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry, Principles of Drug Design, Classification of Drugs, Cholinergic and Anticholinergic Agents, Adrenergic and Anti-Adrenergic Agents, Steroidal Drugs |
| BP402T | Physical Pharmaceutics II | Core Theory | 4 | Colloidal Dispersions, Coarse Dispersions (Suspensions, Emulsions), Solubilization, Rheology and Viscosity, Drug Stability, Reaction Kinetics |
| BP403T | Pharmacology I | Core Theory | 4 | General Pharmacology, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System, Neuromuscular Blocking Agents, Autacoids |
| BP404T | Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry I | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to Pharmacognosy, Classification of Crude Drugs, Cultivation, Collection and Processing of Drugs, Carbohydrates and Lipids, Proteins and Alkaloids, Glycosides |
| BP405T | Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence, Pharmacy Act, 1948, Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules 1945, Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, Drug Price Control Order, Pharmaceutical Ethics |
| BP406P | Medicinal Chemistry I | Core Practical | 2 | Synthesis of Medicinal Compounds, Qualitative Tests for Drugs, Assay of Drugs, Structure Activity Relationship Studies |
| BP407P | Physical Pharmaceutics II | Core Practical | 2 | Preparation of Suspensions and Emulsions, Study of Micelles, Determination of Zeta Potential, Accelerated Stability Studies, Rheological Studies of Dispersions |
| BP408P | Pharmacology I | Core Practical | 2 | Introduction to Experimental Pharmacology, Experiments on Isolated Tissues, Toxicity Studies, Analgesic Activity, Anti-Inflammatory Activity |
| BP409P | Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry I | Core Practical | 2 | Microscopic Evaluation of Crude Drugs, Macroscopic Evaluation of Crude Drugs, Quantitative Microscopy, Identification of Plant Constituents, Extraction and Isolation Techniques |
Semester 5
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP501T | Medicinal Chemistry II | Core Theory | 4 | Anti-infective Agents, Anticancer Agents, Cardiovascular Drugs, Diuretics, Hypoglycemic Agents, Analgesics and NSAIDs |
| BP502T | Industrial Pharmacy I | Core Theory | 4 | Preformulation Studies, Tablet Manufacturing, Capsule Manufacturing, Liquid Orals and Parenterals, Ophthalmic Preparations, Quality Control of Dosage Forms |
| BP503T | Pharmacology II | Core Theory | 4 | Drugs Acting on Central Nervous System, Drugs Acting on Cardiovascular System, Drugs Acting on Renal System, Drugs Acting on Respiratory System, Drugs Affecting Blood, Chemotherapy |
| BP504T | Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry II | Core Theory | 4 | Metabolic Pathways in Higher Plants, Isolation, Identification and Analysis of Phytoconstituents, Terpenoids and Carotenoids, Glycosides and Resins, Tannins and Volatile Oils, Enzymes and Proteins |
| BP505T | Pharmacotherapeutics I | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to Pharmacotherapeutics, Cardiovascular System Disorders, Respiratory System Disorders, Endocrine System Disorders, Gastrointestinal Disorders, Infectious Diseases |
| BP506P | Medicinal Chemistry II | Core Practical | 2 | Synthesis of Antipyretics, Analgesics, Assay of Cardiovascular Drugs, Qualitative Tests for Anti-infectives, Spectral Analysis of Drugs |
| BP507P | Industrial Pharmacy I | Core Practical | 2 | Preformulation Studies, Tablet Compression and Evaluation, Capsule Filling and Evaluation, Preparation of Liquid Orals, Quality Control Tests for Dosage Forms |
| BP508P | Pharmacology II | Core Practical | 2 | Bioassay of Drugs, Experiments on CNS Acting Drugs, Experiments on Cardiovascular Drugs, Screening Models for Anti-diabetic Agents |
| BP509P | Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry II | Core Practical | 2 | Extraction of Phytoconstituents, Chromatographic Techniques, Spectroscopic Identification, Microscopic Evaluation of Herbal Drugs, Assay of Enzymes |
Semester 6
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP601T | Medicinal Chemistry III | Core Theory | 4 | Histamine and Antihistaminic Agents, Gastric Proton Pump Inhibitors, Thyroid and Antithyroid Drugs, Antidiabetic Agents, Coagulants and Anticoagulants, Anthelmintics |
| BP602T | Pharmacology III | Core Theory | 4 | Drugs Acting on Endocrine System, Chemotherapy of Malaria, Tuberculosis, AIDS, Immunopharmacology, Principles of Toxicology, Chronopharmacology, Biologics |
| BP603T | Herbal Drug Technology | Core Theory | 4 | Herbal Raw Materials, Herbal Formulations, Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP), Standardization of Herbal Drugs, Regulatory Issues of Herbal Drugs, Patenting of Herbal Drugs |
| BP604T | Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics | Core Theory | 4 | Bioavailability and Bioequivalence, Drug Absorption, Drug Distribution, Drug Metabolism, Drug Excretion, Compartment Models |
| BP605T | Pharmaceutical Biotechnology | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to Biotechnology, Recombinant DNA Technology, Immunological Products, Enzyme Technology, Microbial Biotransformations, Genetic Engineering |
| BP606T | Quality Assurance | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to Quality Assurance, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Quality Control Tests, Documentation in QA, Validation, Quality Audits |
| BP607P | Medicinal Chemistry III | Core Practical | 2 | Synthesis of Antihistaminic Agents, Assay of Antidiabetic Drugs, Qualitative Tests for Steroids, Spectroscopic Characterization |
| BP608P | Pharmacology III | Core Practical | 2 | Screening Models for Anti-Ulcer Agents, Antitussive Activity, Immunomodulatory Activity, Drug-Drug Interactions |
| BP609P | Herbal Drug Technology | Core Practical | 2 | Extraction of Crude Drugs, Formulation of Herbal Products, Standardization of Herbal Extracts, Evaluation of Herbal Drugs |
Semester 7
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP701T | Instrumental Methods of Analysis | Core Theory | 4 | Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Chromatographic Techniques, Electrophoresis |
| BP702T | Industrial Pharmacy II | Core Theory | 4 | Tablet Coating Technology, Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems, Packaging Materials, Aerosols and Medical Gases, Pilot Plant Scale-Up Techniques, Regulatory Aspects of New Drug Approval |
| BP703T | Pharmacy Practice | Core Theory | 4 | Hospital and Community Pharmacy, Drug Distribution Systems, Patient Counselling, Drug Interactions, Drug Information Services, Medication Adherence |
| BP704T | Novel Drug Delivery System | Core Theory | 4 | Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, Targeted Drug Delivery, Microencapsulation, Nanoparticles, Liposomes and Niosomes, Implantable Drug Delivery Systems |
| BP705P | Instrumental Methods of Analysis | Core Practical | 2 | Spectrophotometric Analysis, Chromatographic Separations (HPLC, GC), IR Spectral Interpretation, Mass Spectrometry Application, Electrophoretic Techniques |
| BP706P | Industrial Pharmacy II | Core Practical | 2 | Tablet Coating Experiments, Formulation of Transdermal Patches, Aerosol Filling and Evaluation, Packaging Material Testing, Pilot Plant Documentation |
| BP707P | Pharmacy Practice | Core Practical | 2 | Drug Dispensing Practice, Patient Counseling Sessions, Preparation of Drug Information Leaflets, Hospital Ward Rounds, Medication History Interview |
| BP708PW | Project Work | Project | 6 | Literature Review, Experimental Design, Data Collection and Analysis, Report Writing, Oral Presentation |
Semester 8
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BP801T | Biostatistics and Research Methodology | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to Biostatistics, Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion, Hypothesis Testing, ANOVA, Correlation and Regression, Research Design |
| BP802T | Social and Preventive Pharmacy | Core Theory | 4 | Concept of Health and Disease, Nutritional Diseases, Communicable Diseases, Non-Communicable Diseases, Family Planning, Immunization |
| BP803T | Pharmaceutical Marketing Management | Core Theory | 4 | Marketing Concepts, Product Life Cycle, Pricing Strategies, Distribution Channels, Promotion Strategies, Sales Management |
| BP804T | Pharmaceutical Regulatory Science | Core Theory | 4 | Regulatory Requirements for Drug Approval, ICH Guidelines, New Drug Application (NDA), Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA), Investigational New Drug (IND), Clinical Trials |
| BP805ET | Quality Control and Standardization of Herbals | Elective Theory | 4 | WHO Guidelines for Herbal Drugs, Adulteration of Crude Drugs, Pesticide Residues in Herbals, Chromatographic Fingerprinting, Microbial Contamination, Heavy Metal Contamination |
| BP806ET | Cosmetic Science | Elective Theory | 4 | Skin and Hair Physiology, Raw Materials for Cosmetics, Formulation of Hair Care Products, Formulation of Skin Care Products, Cosmetic Quality Control, Regulatory Aspects of Cosmetics |
| BP807PW | Project Work | Project | 6 | Advanced Research Methodology, Data Interpretation, Scientific Writing, Publication Ethics, Patent Filing Basics |




