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PHD in Science at GITAM (Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management)
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
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About the Specialization
What is Science at GITAM (Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management) Visakhapatnam?
This PhD Science program at Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management focuses on fostering advanced research capabilities across diverse scientific disciplines. It''''s designed to cultivate critical thinking, innovation, and expertise vital for India''''s growing R&D sector. The program emphasizes interdisciplinary approaches and contributes to scientific advancements relevant to national priorities and global challenges, preparing scholars for high-impact careers.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for postgraduate students with a strong academic record in science who aspire to a career in research, academia, or specialized industry roles. It targets individuals passionate about solving complex scientific problems, fresh graduates seeking to deepen their theoretical and practical knowledge, and working professionals aiming for senior R&D positions or faculty roles in Indian universities or research institutions.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates of this program can expect to become leading researchers, academics, and innovators, contributing significantly to scientific knowledge and technological development in India. Career paths include roles as university professors, senior scientists in government labs (e.g., CSIR, DRDO), R&D managers in pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and IT industries, with competitive salary ranges and strong growth trajectories in a knowledge-driven economy.
Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Master Research Methodology & IPR- (Semester 1-2)
Thoroughly understand research design, data analysis techniques, scientific writing, and intellectual property rights. Attend workshops, utilize statistical software (e.g., R, Python with libraries, SPSS), and read extensively on ethical guidelines to build a robust research foundation.
Tools & Resources
GITAM Library databases, NPTEL courses on research methods, LaTeX for scientific writing, EndNote/Zotero for referencing
Career Connection
Essential for conducting credible and ethical research, protecting intellectual output, and crucial for successful publications and patent applications in R&D.
Identify and Refine Research Problem- (Semester 1-2)
Engage deeply with your supervisor, attend departmental seminars, and conduct comprehensive literature reviews to pinpoint a novel, feasible, and impactful research problem. Present initial ideas for peer and faculty feedback to refine your research direction effectively.
Tools & Resources
Research papers (Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed), Departmental seminars, Supervisor meetings, Literature review software
Career Connection
A well-defined research problem is the cornerstone of a strong thesis and demonstrates capability for independent research, highly valued in academic and industrial R&D roles.
Build Strong Foundational Knowledge- (Semester 1-2)
Excel in your chosen coursework electives. Regularly discuss concepts with peers and faculty, participate in journal clubs, and proactively bridge any knowledge gaps in your chosen specialization to solidify your academic base.
Tools & Resources
Textbooks, Online learning platforms (Coursera, edX), Departmental study groups, Faculty office hours
Career Connection
Deep disciplinary knowledge is fundamental for successful research, contributing to innovative solutions, and securing academic or industry positions requiring specialized expertise.
Intermediate Stage
Prepare for Comprehensive Examination- (Semesters 3-5)
Systematically review all relevant coursework and foundational concepts in your discipline. Form study groups, practice answering theoretical and application-based questions, and seek regular guidance from faculty to ensure thorough preparation for this critical assessment.
Tools & Resources
Previous exam papers (if available), Textbooks, Review articles, Mock viva sessions with peers/mentors
Career Connection
Successful completion validates broad subject mastery, a prerequisite for proceeding with thesis work and demonstrating academic rigor, enhancing your profile for future roles.
Develop and Defend Thesis Proposal- (Semesters 3-5)
Formulate a detailed research proposal outlining objectives, methodology, expected outcomes, and a realistic timeline. Practice presenting your proposal to your Doctoral Research Committee (DRC) and incorporate feedback diligently for a robust research plan.
Tools & Resources
LaTeX/MS Word for proposal writing, Presentation software (PowerPoint, Keynote), DRC meetings, Supervisor''''s guidance
Career Connection
Demonstrates the ability to plan and articulate a complex research project, crucial for securing research grants and for project management responsibilities in R&D.
Active Engagement in Research & Publications- (Semesters 3-5)
Begin collecting and analyzing data, actively participate in research group meetings, and aim to publish preliminary findings in peer-reviewed national/international conferences. This early engagement builds your research profile and establishes your scientific presence.
Tools & Resources
Lab equipment, Data analysis software, Scientific journals, Conference proceedings
Career Connection
Publications enhance your academic profile, provide invaluable networking opportunities, and are critical for securing post-doctoral positions or R&D jobs in a competitive market.
Advanced Stage
Intensive Thesis Writing & Data Analysis- (Semesters 6-8+)
Dedicate focused time to writing chapters, refining methodology, and performing advanced data analysis. Maintain regular, structured communication with your supervisor for feedback and revisions to ensure a high-quality thesis.
Tools & Resources
Specialized data analysis software, Scientific writing tools, Thesis formatting guidelines, Frequent supervisor meetings
Career Connection
Produces a high-quality research output, demonstrating advanced analytical, synthesis, and communication skills, which are vital for leadership roles in research and development.
Prepare for Pre-Synopsis and Thesis Defense- (Semesters 6-8+)
Present your complete research findings in a pre-synopsis seminar for internal review. Incorporate feedback received and rigorously prepare for the final thesis defense (Viva Voce) by rehearsing answers to potential questions and refining your presentation.
Tools & Resources
Pre-synopsis document, Final thesis draft, Presentation slides, Mock viva sessions, Guidance from supervisor and DRC
Career Connection
Successful defense culminates in the PhD degree, signifying expert-level knowledge and independent research capability, opening doors to advanced research and academic careers in India and globally.
Networking and Career Planning- (undefined)
Attend job fairs, academic conferences, and workshops relevant to your field. Network proactively with senior researchers, potential employers, and alumni. Prepare a strong CV, research statement, and teaching philosophy tailored for diverse job applications.
Tools & Resources
LinkedIn, Professional scientific societies, University career services, Alumni network, Online job portals (Naukri, Indeed)
Career Connection
Proactive planning and strategic networking are essential for securing desired post-PhD positions in academia, industry, or government research, and for building a successful long-term career.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- Master''''s degree or equivalent professional degree with at least 55% marks (or equivalent grade ''''B'''' in UGC 7-point scale). 5% relaxation for SC/ST/OBC (Non-Creamy Layer)/Differently-abled candidates.
Duration: Minimum 3 years, Maximum 6 years (including coursework)
Credits: Minimum 8 credits for coursework (4 for Research Methodology + at least 4 for electives); Research phase does not have a credit system. Credits
Assessment: Internal: 40%, External: 60%
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 22RMT101 | Research Methodology and IPR | Core | 4 | Introduction to Research, Formulation of Research Problem, Data Collection and Analysis, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), Research Ethics and Report Writing |
| 22RBT101 | Advanced Molecular Biology | Elective (Biotechnology) | 4 | Gene Structure and Function, Genome Organization, Gene Regulation, DNA Replication and Repair, Transcriptional Control |
| 22RBT102 | Genetic Engineering | Elective (Biotechnology) | 4 | Recombinant DNA Technology, Cloning Vectors and Gene Libraries, Gene Expression Systems, Transgenic Organisms, Ethical Aspects of Genetic Engineering |
| 22RBT103 | Advanced Animal Cell Culture & Stem Cell Biology | Elective (Biotechnology) | 4 | Principles of Animal Cell Culture, Cell Lines and Culture Techniques, Stem Cell Biology, Tissue Engineering, Applications of Cell Culture |
| 22RBT104 | Advanced Plant Tissue Culture & Genetic Transformation | Elective (Biotechnology) | 4 | Plant Cell and Tissue Culture Principles, Micropropagation and Organogenesis, Plant Genetic Engineering, Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation, Applications in Crop Improvement |
| 22RBT105 | Industrial Biotechnology | Elective (Biotechnology) | 4 | Microbial Fermentation, Bioreactor Design and Operation, Enzyme Technology in Industry, Production of Bio-products, Bioprocess Economics |
| 22RBT106 | Environmental Biotechnology | Elective (Biotechnology) | 4 | Bioremediation of Pollutants, Waste Water Treatment Technologies, Bioenergy Production, Microbial Ecology, Environmental Monitoring |
| 22RBT107 | Bioinformatics and Computational Biology | Elective (Biotechnology) | 4 | Biological Databases and Sequence Alignment, Phylogenetic Analysis, Protein Structure Prediction, Genomics and Proteomics, Drug Discovery using Bioinformatics |
| 22RBT108 | Bioprocess Engineering and Downstream Processing | Elective (Biotechnology) | 4 | Bioreactor Principles, Mass Transfer and Heat Transfer in Bioreactors, Cell Separation Techniques, Chromatographic Purification, Product Formulation |
| 22RBT109 | Nanobiotechnology | Elective (Biotechnology) | 4 | Introduction to Nanobiotechnology, Synthesis of Nanomaterials, Characterization Techniques, Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery, Biosensors and Nano-diagnostics |
| 22RBT110 | Microbial Technology | Elective (Biotechnology) | 4 | Microbial Physiology and Genetics, Fermentation Industries, Enzyme Production and Application, Microbial Metabolites, Biofuels and Biopolymers |
| 22RBT111 | Immunology | Elective (Biotechnology) | 4 | Components of Immune System, Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Immunological Techniques, Vaccines and Immunotherapy |
| 22RBT112 | Advanced Enzyme Technology | Elective (Biotechnology) | 4 | Enzyme Structure and Function, Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanisms, Enzyme Immobilization, Industrial Applications of Enzymes, Enzyme Engineering |
| 22RBC101 | Advanced Biochemistry | Elective (Biochemistry) | 4 | Protein Structure and Function, Enzyme Kinetics and Regulation, Metabolic Pathways, Nucleic Acid Structure and Synthesis, Signal Transduction |
| 22RBC102 | Clinical Biochemistry | Elective (Biochemistry) | 4 | Clinical Enzymology, Organ Function Tests, Metabolic Disorders, Biomarkers in Disease, Laboratory Techniques in Clinical Biochemistry |
| 22RBC103 | Enzymology and Enzyme Technology | Elective (Biochemistry) | 4 | Enzyme Catalysis, Enzyme Mechanisms, Immobilized Enzymes, Enzyme Purification and Characterization, Industrial Applications of Enzymes |
| 22RBC104 | Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering | Elective (Biochemistry) | 4 | Gene Expression and Regulation, DNA Replication and Repair, Recombinant DNA Technology, Cloning and Vector Systems, Gene Therapy and CRISPR |
| 22RBC105 | Nutritional Biochemistry | Elective (Biochemistry) | 4 | Macronutrients and Micronutrients, Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins and Minerals, Dietary Reference Intakes, Nutritional Disorders |
| 22RBC106 | Immunology | Elective (Biochemistry) | 4 | Immune System Components, Antigen Processing and Presentation, Humoral and Cell-Mediated Immunity, Hypersensitivity and Autoimmunity, Vaccine Development |
| 22RBC107 | Plant Biochemistry | Elective (Biochemistry) | 4 | Photosynthesis and Respiration in Plants, Plant Hormones and Signaling, Secondary Metabolites, Stress Biochemistry in Plants, Nitrogen Metabolism |
| 22RBC108 | Proteomics and Metabolomics | Elective (Biochemistry) | 4 | Protein Separation Techniques, Mass Spectrometry in Proteomics, Bioinformatics for Proteomics, Metabolomic Profiling, Applications in Disease Biomarker Discovery |
| 22RBC109 | Advanced Cell Biology | Elective (Biochemistry) | 4 | Cell Organelles and Functions, Cell Communication and Signaling, Cell Cycle and Apoptosis, Stem Cells and Differentiation, Cellular Basis of Disease |
| 22RBC110 | Pharmaceutical Biochemistry | Elective (Biochemistry) | 4 | Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Drug Receptors and Mechanisms of Action, Biochemical Basis of Drug Toxicity, Rational Drug Design, Biologics and Biosimilars |
| 22RCH101 | Advanced Organic Chemistry | Elective (Chemistry) | 4 | Reaction Mechanisms and Intermediates, Pericyclic Reactions, Photochemistry, Asymmetric Synthesis, Spectroscopic Methods in Organic Chemistry |
| 22RCH102 | Advanced Inorganic Chemistry | Elective (Chemistry) | 4 | Coordination Chemistry, Organometallic Chemistry, Solid State Chemistry, Bioinorganic Chemistry, Advanced Spectroscopic Techniques |
| 22RCH103 | Advanced Physical Chemistry | Elective (Chemistry) | 4 | Quantum Chemistry, Statistical Thermodynamics, Chemical Kinetics, Electrochemistry, Surface Chemistry |
| 22RCH104 | Analytical Chemistry | Elective (Chemistry) | 4 | Chromatographic Techniques, Spectroscopic Methods, Electrochemical Methods, Mass Spectrometry, Thermal Analysis |
| 22RCH105 | Materials Chemistry | Elective (Chemistry) | 4 | Polymer Chemistry, Nanomaterials Synthesis, Composite Materials, Smart Materials, Characterization of Materials |
| 22RCH106 | Green Chemistry | Elective (Chemistry) | 4 | Principles of Green Chemistry, Alternative Solvents, Catalysis in Green Chemistry, Sustainable Synthesis, Green Engineering |
| 22RCH107 | Pharmaceutical Chemistry | Elective (Chemistry) | 4 | Drug Discovery and Development, Medicinal Chemistry Principles, Pharmacology and Drug Action, Synthesis of API''''s, Quality Control of Pharmaceuticals |
| 22RCH108 | Environmental Chemistry | Elective (Chemistry) | 4 | Atmospheric Chemistry, Water Chemistry and Pollution, Soil Chemistry, Toxicology and Risk Assessment, Environmental Monitoring Techniques |
| 22RCH109 | Polymer Chemistry | Elective (Chemistry) | 4 | Polymer Synthesis Methods, Polymer Characterization, Polymer Properties, Polymer Blends and Composites, Advanced Polymer Applications |
| 22RCH110 | Nanoscience and Nanotechnology | Elective (Chemistry) | 4 | Introduction to Nanoscience, Synthesis of Nanomaterials, Characterization Techniques, Applications in Catalysis and Sensing, Nanotoxicology |
| 22RES101 | Advanced Environmental Pollution Control | Elective (Environmental Science) | 4 | Air Pollution Control Technologies, Water and Wastewater Treatment, Solid and Hazardous Waste Management, Noise Pollution Control, Pollution Prevention Strategies |
| 22RES102 | Environmental Impact Assessment and Management | Elective (Environmental Science) | 4 | EIA Principles and Process, Environmental Management Plans, Risk Assessment, Environmental Auditing, Strategic Environmental Assessment |
| 22RES103 | Climate Change and Adaptation Strategies | Elective (Environmental Science) | 4 | Climate Science Fundamentals, Impacts of Climate Change, Mitigation Strategies, Adaptation Planning, International Climate Policies |
| 22RES104 | Solid Waste Management | Elective (Environmental Science) | 4 | Waste Characterization and Generation, Collection and Transportation, Treatment Technologies (Composting, Incineration), Landfill Design and Management, Waste to Energy |
| 22RES105 | Water and Wastewater Treatment | Elective (Environmental Science) | 4 | Water Quality Parameters, Conventional Water Treatment, Advanced Wastewater Treatment, Sludge Management, Water Reuse and Recycling |
| 22RES106 | Biodiversity Conservation and Management | Elective (Environmental Science) | 4 | Biodiversity Concepts and Values, Threats to Biodiversity, In-situ and Ex-situ Conservation, Wildlife Management, Policy and Legislation |
| 22RES107 | Environmental Toxicology | Elective (Environmental Science) | 4 | Principles of Toxicology, Fate and Transport of Pollutants, Ecotoxicology, Human Health Risk Assessment, Biomarkers of Exposure |
| 22RES108 | Remote Sensing and GIS in Environmental Studies | Elective (Environmental Science) | 4 | Principles of Remote Sensing, Image Processing and Interpretation, GIS Data Models, Spatial Analysis Techniques, Applications in Environmental Mapping |
| 22RES109 | Environmental Biotechnology | Elective (Environmental Science) | 4 | Bioremediation, Phytoremediation, Bioenergy Systems, Microbial Waste Treatment, Environmental Diagnostics |
| 22RES110 | Renewable Energy Technologies | Elective (Environmental Science) | 4 | Solar Energy Systems, Wind Energy Conversion, Biomass Energy, Hydro and Geothermal Energy, Energy Storage |
| 22RFT101 | Advanced Food Processing Technology | Elective (Food Science & Technology) | 4 | Novel Food Processing Methods, Thermal and Non-thermal Technologies, Food Preservation Techniques, Packaging Systems, Process Optimization |
| 22RFT102 | Food Chemistry and Nutrition | Elective (Food Science & Technology) | 4 | Composition of Foods, Food Additives and Contaminants, Nutrient Metabolism, Dietary Guidelines, Functional Foods |
| 22RFT103 | Food Quality and Safety Management | Elective (Food Science & Technology) | 4 | Food Standards and Regulations, HACCP and ISO Systems, Microbial Food Safety, Chemical Hazards in Food, Traceability and Auditing |
| 22RFT104 | Food Packaging Technology | Elective (Food Science & Technology) | 4 | Packaging Materials, Controlled Atmosphere Packaging, Active and Intelligent Packaging, Packaging Design, Sustainability in Packaging |
| 22RFT105 | Cereal and Legume Technology | Elective (Food Science & Technology) | 4 | Cereal Grain Structure and Composition, Milling and Baking Technology, Legume Processing, Extrusion Technology, Nutritional Improvement |
| 22RFT106 | Dairy and Meat Technology | Elective (Food Science & Technology) | 4 | Milk Processing and Products, Meat Science and Processing, Fermented Dairy Products, Meat Curing and Preservation, Quality Control in Dairy and Meat |
| 22RFT107 | Fruits and Vegetable Processing Technology | Elective (Food Science & Technology) | 4 | Post-harvest Handling, Juice and Concentrate Production, Canning and Freezing, Dehydration and Drying, Value-added Products |
| 22RFT108 | Fermentation Technology | Elective (Food Science & Technology) | 4 | Microbial Cultures and Fermentation, Bioreactor Design, Fermented Food Products, Enzyme Production, Biofuel Production |
| 22RFT109 | Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals | Elective (Food Science & Technology) | 4 | Introduction to Functional Foods, Prebiotics and Probiotics, Antioxidants and Phytochemicals, Development of Nutraceuticals, Health Benefits and Regulations |
| 22RFT110 | Food Product Development | Elective (Food Science & Technology) | 4 | Concept Generation and Screening, Formulation and Ingredient Functionality, Pilot Plant Scale-up, Sensory Evaluation, Marketing and Commercialization |
| 22RMS101 | Advanced Oceanography | Elective (Marine Science) | 4 | Physical Oceanography, Chemical Oceanography, Biological Oceanography, Geological Oceanography, Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction |
| 22RMS102 | Marine Ecology and Biodiversity | Elective (Marine Science) | 4 | Marine Ecosystems, Coral Reefs and Mangroves, Marine Organisms and Adaptations, Threats to Marine Biodiversity, Conservation Strategies |
| 22RMS103 | Marine Pollution and Management | Elective (Marine Science) | 4 | Sources and Types of Marine Pollutants, Impacts on Marine Life, Oil Spills and Plastic Pollution, Coastal Water Quality, Pollution Control and Regulations |
| 22RMS104 | Fisheries Science and Aquaculture | Elective (Marine Science) | 4 | Fisheries Resources, Fishing Gear and Methods, Aquaculture Systems, Fish Nutrition and Pathology, Sustainable Fisheries Management |
| 22RMS105 | Coastal Zone Management | Elective (Marine Science) | 4 | Coastal Ecosystems, Coastal Hazards, Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ), Sustainable Coastal Development |
| 22RMS106 | Marine Biotechnology | Elective (Marine Science) | 4 | Marine Microorganisms, Bioactive Compounds from Marine Organisms, Marine Enzymes, Aqua-Genomics, Bioremediation in Marine Environment |
| 22RMS107 | Ocean Remote Sensing and GIS | Elective (Marine Science) | 4 | Remote Sensing Principles, Satellite Oceanography, Image Processing for Ocean Data, GIS for Marine Applications, Ocean Data Visualization |
| 22RMS108 | Marine Geophysics | Elective (Marine Science) | 4 | Marine Geological Processes, Seismic Reflection and Refraction, Gravity and Magnetic Methods, Submarine Topography, Plate Tectonics |
| 22RMS109 | Marine Chemistry | Elective (Marine Science) | 4 | Composition of Seawater, Marine Biogeochemical Cycles, Trace Metals in Ocean, Organic Matter in Seawater, Carbonate Chemistry |
| 22RMS110 | Climate Change and Marine Ecosystems | Elective (Marine Science) | 4 | Ocean Warming, Ocean Acidification, Sea Level Rise, Impacts on Marine Biodiversity, Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies |
| 22RMA101 | Advanced Topology | Elective (Mathematics) | 4 | Topological Spaces, Connectedness and Compactness, Separation Axioms, Quotient Spaces, Homotopy Theory |
| 22RMA102 | Advanced Functional Analysis | Elective (Mathematics) | 4 | Normed Linear Spaces, Banach Spaces, Hilbert Spaces, Bounded Linear Operators, Spectral Theory |
| 22RMA103 | Advanced Algebra | Elective (Mathematics) | 4 | Group Theory, Ring Theory, Field Theory, Galois Theory, Module Theory |
| 22RMA104 | Advanced Real Analysis | Elective (Mathematics) | 4 | Measure Theory, Lebesgue Integration, Lp Spaces, Differentiation, Fourier Series |
| 22RMA105 | Fluid Dynamics | Elective (Mathematics) | 4 | Kinematics of Fluids, Equations of Motion, Incompressible Flow, Viscous Flow, Boundary Layer Theory |
| 22RMA106 | Differential Equations | Elective (Mathematics) | 4 | Ordinary Differential Equations, Partial Differential Equations, Existence and Uniqueness Theorems, Sturm-Liouville Theory, Numerical Methods for ODE/PDE |
| 22RMA107 | Numerical Analysis | Elective (Mathematics) | 4 | Solution of Algebraic Equations, Interpolation and Approximation, Numerical Differentiation and Integration, Numerical Solutions of Differential Equations, Matrix Computations |
| 22RMA108 | Operations Research | Elective (Mathematics) | 4 | Linear Programming, Non-linear Programming, Queuing Theory, Inventory Control, Game Theory |
| 22RMA109 | Graph Theory | Elective (Mathematics) | 4 | Basic Concepts of Graphs, Trees and Connectivity, Euler and Hamiltonian Graphs, Coloring of Graphs, Applications of Graph Theory |
| 22RMA110 | Fuzzy Set Theory and Applications | Elective (Mathematics) | 4 | Fuzzy Sets and Relations, Fuzzy Arithmetic, Fuzzy Logic, Fuzzy Control Systems, Applications in Decision Making |
| 22RMB101 | Advanced General Microbiology | Elective (Microbiology) | 4 | Microbial Diversity and Systematics, Bacterial Physiology and Metabolism, Microbial Genetics, Growth and Control of Microorganisms, Extremophiles |
| 22RMB102 | Medical Microbiology | Elective (Microbiology) | 4 | Pathogenic Bacteria and Viruses, Mechanisms of Pathogenesis, Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance, Diagnostic Techniques, Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases |
| 22RMB103 | Industrial and Environmental Microbiology | Elective (Microbiology) | 4 | Microbial Fermentations, Bioreactors and Bioprocesses, Bioremediation, Waste Treatment, Biofuels and Biofertilizers |
| 22RMB104 | Microbial Genetics and Molecular Biology | Elective (Microbiology) | 4 | Bacterial Gene Expression, Plasmids and Transposons, Recombinant DNA Technology, Genome Sequencing, CRISPR-Cas Systems |
| 22RMB105 | Immunology and Host-Pathogen Interactions | Elective (Microbiology) | 4 | Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Antigen-Antibody Reactions, Vaccine Development, Bacterial and Viral Evasion Strategies, Immunodiagnostics |
| 22RMB106 | Food and Dairy Microbiology | Elective (Microbiology) | 4 | Microorganisms in Food Spoilage, Foodborne Pathogens, Fermented Foods, Dairy Product Microbiology, Food Safety and Quality |
| 22RMB107 | Virology | Elective (Microbiology) | 4 | Viral Structure and Classification, Viral Replication Cycles, Pathogenesis of Viral Infections, Antiviral Agents, Vaccine Strategies for Viruses |
| 22RMB108 | Mycology and Plant Pathology | Elective (Microbiology) | 4 | Fungal Diversity and Classification, Fungal Metabolism and Growth, Plant Disease Etiology, Disease Resistance in Plants, Mycotoxins |
| 22RMB109 | Fermentation Technology | Elective (Microbiology) | 4 | Microbial Culture Selection, Fermentor Design and Operation, Upstream and Downstream Processing, Production of Industrial Enzymes, Production of Pharmaceuticals |
| 22RMB110 | Bioinformatics in Microbiology | Elective (Microbiology) | 4 | Biological Databases, Sequence Alignment Algorithms, Phylogenetic Analysis, Genomic Analysis of Microbes, Protein Structure Prediction |
| 22RNS101 | Principles of Nanoscience | Elective (Nanoscience) | 4 | Quantum Mechanics at Nanoscale, Surface and Interface Science, Self-Assembly, Properties of Nanomaterials, Scaling Laws |
| 22RNS102 | Nanomaterials Synthesis and Characterization | Elective (Nanoscience) | 4 | Top-down and Bottom-up Approaches, Chemical Synthesis Methods, Physical Vapor Deposition, Electron Microscopy, Spectroscopic Characterization |
| 22RNS103 | Nanoelectronics | Elective (Nanoscience) | 4 | Quantum Dots and Wires, Carbon Nanotubes, Spintronics, Molecular Electronics, Nanofabrication Techniques |
| 22RNS104 | Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine | Elective (Nanoscience) | 4 | Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery, Biosensors and Diagnostics, Tissue Engineering, Nanotoxicology, Targeted Therapy |
| 22RNS105 | Computational Nanoscience | Elective (Nanoscience) | 4 | Density Functional Theory, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Finite Element Analysis, Computational Materials Design, Quantum Transport Simulations |
| 22RNS106 | Quantum Mechanics for Nanoscience | Elective (Nanoscience) | 4 | Schrödinger Equation, Quantum Confinement, Quantum Tunneling, Band Theory of Solids, Spin Orbit Coupling |
| 22RNS107 | Advanced Characterization Techniques | Elective (Nanoscience) | 4 | Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Spectroscopic Techniques (XPS, FTIR) |
| 22RNS108 | Applications of Nanotechnology | Elective (Nanoscience) | 4 | Energy Storage and Conversion, Catalysis and Environmental Remediation, Water Purification, Sensors, Coatings and Composites |
| 22RNS109 | Thin Films and Nanostructures | Elective (Nanoscience) | 4 | Thin Film Deposition Techniques, Growth Mechanisms, Properties of Thin Films, Fabrication of Nanostructures, Applications in Devices |
| 22RNS110 | Surface Science | Elective (Nanoscience) | 4 | Surface Structure and Composition, Adsorption and Desorption, Surface Reactions, Surface Analytical Techniques, Catalysis on Surfaces |
| 22RPH101 | Advanced Condensed Matter Physics | Elective (Physics) | 4 | Band Theory and Electronic Properties, Superconductivity, Magnetism in Solids, Semiconductor Physics, Phase Transitions |
| 22RPH102 | Advanced Materials Science | Elective (Physics) | 4 | Crystalline and Amorphous Materials, Mechanical Properties, Electrical and Optical Properties, Magnetic Materials, Advanced Characterization Techniques |
| 22RPH103 | Quantum Field Theory | Elective (Physics) | 4 | Canonical Quantization, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formalism, Feynman Diagrams, Renormalization, Gauge Theories |
| 22RPH104 | Spectroscopy | Elective (Physics) | 4 | Atomic Spectroscopy, Molecular Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, NMR Spectroscopy, Electron Spin Resonance |
| 22RPH105 | Lasers and Photonics | Elective (Physics) | 4 | Laser Principles, Types of Lasers, Fiber Optics, Nonlinear Optics, Applications of Lasers |
| 22RPH106 | Astrophysics and Cosmology | Elective (Physics) | 4 | Stellar Structure and Evolution, Galaxies and Clusters, Big Bang Cosmology, Dark Matter and Dark Energy, Cosmic Microwave Background |
| 22RPH107 | Theoretical Physics | Elective (Physics) | 4 | Classical Mechanics (Advanced), Electrodynamics (Advanced), Quantum Mechanics (Advanced), Statistical Mechanics, Relativity |
| 22RPH108 | Nuclear and Particle Physics | Elective (Physics) | 4 | Nuclear Structure, Radioactivity and Nuclear Reactions, Particle Accelerators, Standard Model of Particle Physics, Quarks and Leptons |
| 22RPH109 | Plasma Physics | Elective (Physics) | 4 | Fundamental Plasma Properties, Single Particle Motion, Fluid Models of Plasma, Plasma Waves, Applications (Fusion, Space) |
| 22RPH110 | Nanoscience and Nanotechnology | Elective (Physics) | 4 | Physics of Low-Dimensional Systems, Quantum Size Effects, Fabrication of Nanostructures, Nanomaterials Characterization, Applications in Devices |
| 22RST101 | Advanced Statistical Inference | Elective (Statistics) | 4 | Estimation Theory, Hypothesis Testing, Sufficiency and Completeness, Confidence Intervals, Likelihood Theory |
| 22RST102 | Multivariate Analysis | Elective (Statistics) | 4 | Multivariate Normal Distribution, Principal Component Analysis, Factor Analysis, Discriminant Analysis, Cluster Analysis |
| 22RST103 | Regression Analysis | Elective (Statistics) | 4 | Linear Regression Models, Multiple Regression, Logistic Regression, Non-linear Regression, Model Diagnostics |
| 22RST104 | Design of Experiments | Elective (Statistics) | 4 | Basic Principles of DOE, ANOVA, Factorial Designs, Randomized Block Designs, Response Surface Methodology |
| 22RST105 | Stochastic Processes | Elective (Statistics) | 4 | Markov Chains, Poisson Processes, Birth and Death Processes, Renewal Theory, Queuing Models |
| 22RST106 | Time Series Analysis | Elective (Statistics) | 4 | Components of Time Series, ARIMA Models, Forecasting Methods, Spectral Analysis, State Space Models |
| 22RST107 | Actuarial Statistics | Elective (Statistics) | 4 | Life Contingencies, Survival Models, Risk Theory, Insurance Pricing, Pension Funds |
| 22RST108 | Data Mining and Machine Learning | Elective (Statistics) | 4 | Classification Algorithms, Clustering Techniques, Association Rules, Prediction Models, Model Evaluation |
| 22RST109 | Biostatistics | Elective (Statistics) | 4 | Clinical Trials Design, Survival Analysis, Epidemiological Studies, Statistical Genetics, Meta-analysis |
| 22RST110 | Statistical Quality Control | Elective (Statistics) | 4 | Control Charts for Variables, Control Charts for Attributes, Acceptance Sampling, Process Capability Analysis, Six Sigma |
