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BACHELOR-OF-LAWS in General at Government Law College, Mumbai
Mumbai City, Maharashtra
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About the Specialization
What is General at Government Law College, Mumbai Mumbai City?
This Bachelor of Laws program at Government Law College, Mumbai, focuses on providing a comprehensive understanding of Indian legal principles and practices. It prepares students for a diverse range of legal careers within the Indian judicial system, corporate legal departments, and public service, emphasizing analytical skills and ethical legal reasoning to foster well-rounded legal professionals.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for fresh graduates from any discipline seeking entry into the legal profession, aspiring advocates, judicial officers, legal consultants, and professionals looking to transition into law. It also suits individuals passionate about social justice and public policy, requiring strong analytical and communication skills for a successful legal career in India.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates of this program can expect to pursue careers as practicing lawyers, legal advisors, public prosecutors, judges, or work in legal compliance roles in Indian companies. Entry-level salaries typically range from INR 3-6 lakhs per annum, with significant growth potential up to INR 15-30 lakhs for experienced professionals. The degree is a prerequisite for bar council enrollment and various competitive legal examinations.
Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Master Core Legal Concepts- (Semester 1-2)
Focus on building a strong foundation in foundational subjects like Constitutional Law, Contract Law, and Torts. Regularly attend lectures, make detailed notes, and clarify doubts promptly. Engage in active reading of prescribed textbooks and case laws to develop a robust understanding of legal principles.
Tools & Resources
Bare Acts, Standard legal commentaries, SCC Online, Manupatra (if institutional access available), College library resources
Career Connection
A solid grasp of basics is essential for all legal specializations, cracking competitive exams like judiciary and public prosecutor, and effective legal practice.
Develop Legal Research and Writing Skills- (Semester 1-2)
Actively participate in legal writing assignments, moot court preliminaries, and legal aid clinics. Practice drafting simple legal documents, researching case laws, and honing logical argumentation. Pay close attention to citation methods and legal formatting, which are critical for academic and professional success.
Tools & Resources
Legal research databases, Guides on legal writing, Institutional workshops on legal drafting, Peer review groups
Career Connection
Crucial for litigation, corporate law, legal journalism, and academic pursuits; strong legal writing is a primary skill sought by employers.
Engage in Peer Learning and Debates- (Semester 1-2)
Form study groups to discuss complex legal principles, case studies, and current legal issues. Actively participate in intra-college debates and discussions. This enhances understanding, articulation skills, and exposes students to different perspectives on legal challenges.
Tools & Resources
College debate societies, Law student associations, Online legal forums, Weekly discussion sessions
Career Connection
Improves oral advocacy, critical thinking, and the ability to articulate legal arguments effectively, which is vital for courtroom success and client interactions.
Intermediate Stage
Seek Early Internship Opportunities- (Semester 3-5 (during breaks))
Actively apply for internships with advocates, NGOs, law firms, or corporate legal departments during semester breaks. This provides practical exposure to legal practice, court procedures, and corporate legal environments, bridging the gap between theory and real-world application.
Tools & Resources
College placement cell, Online internship portals (e.g., Internshala, Lawctopus), Personal networking, Alumni connections
Career Connection
Helps identify areas of interest, builds professional networks, and significantly enhances employability by gaining real-world experience and practical skills.
Participate in Moot Court Competitions- (Semester 3-5)
Join and actively prepare for inter-college and national moot court competitions. These competitions simulate courtroom proceedings, requiring extensive legal research, memorial drafting, and persuasive oral advocacy, fostering confidence and courtroom demeanor.
Tools & Resources
Moot court societies, Faculty mentors, Extensive library resources, Legal databases
Career Connection
Develops public speaking, argumentation, research, and presentation skills crucial for litigation, advocacy roles, and effective client representation.
Focus on Elective Specialization Areas- (Semester 5-6)
Carefully choose optional papers based on identified career interests (e.g., Intellectual Property, Banking Law, Criminology). Supplement coursework with independent research, online certification courses, and relevant seminars to build specialized knowledge in chosen fields.
Tools & Resources
NPTEL, Coursera (for supplementary knowledge), Specialized legal journals, Industry seminars
Career Connection
Builds expertise in a niche area, making you a more attractive candidate for specialized roles in law firms, corporate legal departments, or public sector specialized agencies.
Advanced Stage
Intensive Placement Preparation and Networking- (Semester 6)
Dedicate significant time to refine resumes, draft compelling cover letters, and hone interview skills. Actively attend campus recruitment drives, participate in mock interviews, and network extensively with alumni and legal professionals to maximize job opportunities.
Tools & Resources
Placement cell services, Career guidance workshops, LinkedIn, Professional legal events and conferences
Career Connection
Directly leads to securing desired placements in prestigious law firms, corporate houses, public sector undertakings, or other legal organizations.
Prepare for Competitive Legal Examinations- (Semester 6 and immediately post-graduation)
For those aspiring to judiciary, public prosecution, or civil services, begin focused preparation for these highly competitive exams. This involves in-depth study of core legal subjects, current affairs, and rigorous practice with previous year''''s question papers and mock tests.
Tools & Resources
Specialized coaching institutes, Dedicated study materials, Online test series platforms, Peer study groups
Career Connection
Essential for entry into the esteemed judicial services, public prosecutor roles, and various government legal positions, offering a secure and impactful career path.
Develop Professional Portfolio and Bar Council Enrollment- (Semester 6 and immediately post-graduation)
Compile a comprehensive portfolio of legal research papers, internship certificates, moot court achievements, and other relevant work experience. Understand the complete process and fulfill all formalities for enrollment with the State Bar Council immediately after graduation to commence legal practice.
Tools & Resources
Bar Council of India website, State Bar Council notifications, College career guidance, Personal portfolio website
Career Connection
Mandated for practicing law in India; a strong professional portfolio enhances credibility and significantly aids future career progression and specialization.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- A candidate must have passed a Degree Examination in any faculty of the University of Mumbai or any other recognized University, with at least 45% marks in aggregate (40% for SC/ST candidates).
Duration: 3 years / 6 semesters
Credits: 144 Credits
Assessment: Internal: 20-25% (where applicable), External: 75-80% (where applicable)
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 101 | Constitutional Law - I | Core | 6 | Nature of Indian Constitution, Preamble and Citizenship, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, Fundamental Duties, Writs and Remedies |
| 102 | Law of Contract - I | Core | 6 | General Principles of Contract, Offer, Acceptance and Consideration, Capacity to Contract, Free Consent and Legality of Object, Void and Voidable Agreements, Contingent and Quasi Contracts |
| 103 | Law of Torts and Consumer Protection Act | Core | 6 | General Principles of Torts, Defenses to Torts, Specific Torts: Negligence, Nuisance, Defamation, Strict and Absolute Liability, Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, Consumer Protection Act, 2019 |
| 104 | Legal Language and Legal Writing | Core | 6 | Legal Terminology and Latin Maxims, Legal Reasoning and Logic, Legal Research Techniques, Fundamentals of Legal Drafting, Pleading and Conveyancing, Interpretation of Statutes basics |
Semester 2
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 201 | Constitutional Law - II | Core | 6 | Union and State Judiciary, Federalism and Distribution of Powers, Emergency Provisions, Amendment Procedure of the Constitution, Special Provisions for Certain States, Local Self-Government |
| 202 | Law of Contract - II | Core | 6 | Contracts of Indemnity and Guarantee, Bailment and Pledge, Law of Agency, Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Indian Partnership Act, 1932, Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008 |
| 203 | Family Law - I | Core | 6 | Sources of Hindu Law, Marriage and Divorce under Hindu Law, Adoption and Maintenance, Guardianship and Custody, Joint Family and Partition, Succession under Hindu Law |
| 204 | Professional Ethics and Professional Accounting System | Core | 6 | Advocates Act, 1961, Bar Council of India Rules, Professional Misconduct and Discipline, Contempt of Courts Act, 1971, Professional Accounting System for Lawyers, Duties of an Advocate to Court, Client, Opponent |
Semester 3
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 301 | Jurisprudence | Core | 6 | Nature and Scope of Jurisprudence, Schools of Jurisprudence (Natural Law, Positivism, Sociological), Sources of Law (Custom, Precedent, Legislation), Rights and Duties, Legal Personality and Possession, Concept of Justice |
| 302 | Family Law - II | Core | 6 | Sources of Muslim Law, Marriage (Nikah) and Dissolution of Marriage (Talaq), Dower and Maintenance, Gifts (Hiba) and Wills (Wasiyat), Wakfs and Endowments, Inheritance under Muslim Law |
| 303 | Environmental Law | Core | 6 | Concepts of Environmental Law, Environmental Protection Act, 1986, Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, International Environmental Law & Sustainable Development |
| 304 | Human Rights Law | Core | 6 | Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenants on Human Rights, Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993, Role of Judiciary in Human Rights Protection, Rights of Women, Children, and Minorities, Refugee Law and International Humanitarian Law |
Semester 4
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 401 | Law of Crimes - I (Indian Penal Code) | Core | 6 | General Principles of Criminal Law, General Exceptions, Offences Against Human Body (Murder, Culpable Homicide), Offences Against Property (Theft, Robbery, Extortion), Abetment and Criminal Conspiracy, Offences Relating to Marriage |
| 402 | Property Law (Transfer of Property Act & Indian Easements Act) | Core | 6 | General Principles of Property Transfer, Sale, Mortgage, Lease, Exchange and Gift, Actionable Claims, Indian Easements Act, 1882, Restrictive Covenants and Licenses |
| 403 | Public International Law | Core | 6 | Nature and Sources of International Law, Recognition of States and Governments, State Jurisdiction and Immunities, Law of Treaties, United Nations and International Organizations, International Disputes and Peaceful Settlement |
| 404 | Administrative Law | Core | 6 | Nature and Scope of Administrative Law, Rule of Law and Separation of Powers, Delegated Legislation, Administrative Discretion, Principles of Natural Justice, Judicial Review of Administrative Action |
Semester 5
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 501 | Civil Procedure Code and Limitation Act | Core | 6 | Jurisdiction of Courts, Pleadings, Parties to Suits, Framing of Issues, Summons, Appearance, and Examination of Parties, Interim Orders and Execution of Decrees, Appeals, Reference, Review and Revision, Limitation Act, 1963 |
| 502 | Law of Crimes - II (Criminal Procedure Code & Indian Evidence Act) | Core | 6 | Constitution of Criminal Courts and Their Powers, Arrest, Search, and Seizure, Bail and Anticipatory Bail, Investigation, Charges, and Trial Procedures, Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Relevancy of Facts), Proof, Examination of Witnesses, Expert Opinion |
| 503 | Land Laws | Core | 6 | Maharashtra Land Revenue Code, 1966, Bombay Tenancy and Agricultural Lands Act, 1948, Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976 (Repeal Act), Maharashtra Rent Control Act, 1999, Land Acquisition Act, 1894 and Right to Fair Compensation Act, 2013, Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act, 1966 |
| 504A | Equity, Trust and Specific Relief Act | Optional Elective Paper I | 6 | Origin and Maxims of Equity, Indian Trusts Act, 1882, Specific Relief Act, 1963 (Specific Performance), Injunctions (Temporary and Perpetual), Rectification and Cancellation of Instruments, Rescission of Contracts |
| 504B | Women & Law & Law Relating to Child | Optional Elective Paper I | 6 | Gender Justice and Constitutional Provisions, Laws Relating to Domestic Violence, Sexual Harassment at Workplace, Child Marriage and Adoption Laws, Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015, Child Labour and Exploitation |
| 504C | Banking Law and Negotiable Instruments Act | Optional Elective Paper I | 6 | Banking Regulation Act, 1949, Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934, Banker-Customer Relationship, Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 (Cheques, Bills of Exchange), Dishonour of Cheques, Digital Banking and Electronic Funds Transfer |
| 504D | Intellectual Property Rights Law | Optional Elective Paper I | 6 | Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights, Patents Act, 1970, Copyright Act, 1957, Trademarks Act, 1999, Geographical Indications of Goods Act, 1999, Design Act, 2000 |
Semester 6
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 601 | Company Law | Core | 6 | Companies Act, 2013, Incorporation of Companies, Memorandum and Articles of Association, Shares, Debentures, and Share Capital, Company Meetings and Management, Winding Up of Companies |
| 602 | Labour Law - I | Core | 6 | Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, Trade Unions Act, 1926, Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946, Collective Bargaining, Strikes, Lockouts, and Lay-off, Grievance Redressal Machinery |
| 603 | Interpretation of Statutes and Principles of Legislation | Core | 6 | Rules of Interpretation (Literal, Golden, Mischief Rule), Aids to Interpretation (Internal and External), Presumptions in Statutory Interpretation, Maxims of Statutory Interpretation, Principles of Legislation, Judicial Activism and Restraint |
| 604A | Labour Law - II | Optional Elective Paper II | 6 | Factories Act, 1948, Minimum Wages Act, 1948, Payment of Wages Act, 1936, Employees'''' Compensation Act, 1923, Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, Employees'''' State Insurance Act, 1948 |
| 604B | Criminology and Penology | Optional Elective Paper II | 6 | Nature and Scope of Criminology, Theories of Crime Causation, Schools of Penology and Punishment, Correctional Administration (Prisons, Probation), Victimology and Victim Compensation, Juvenile Delinquency |
| 604C | Co-operative Law | Optional Elective Paper II | 6 | Principles of Co-operation, Maharashtra Co-operative Societies Act, 1960, Registration of Co-operative Societies, Membership and Management, Rights and Duties of Members, Disputes and Appeals in Co-operative Societies |
| 604D | Competition Law | Optional Elective Paper II | 6 | Competition Act, 2002 (Objectives and Scope), Anti-Competitive Agreements, Abuse of Dominant Position, Combinations (Mergers and Acquisitions), Competition Commission of India (CCI), Competition Advocacy |
