.png&w=1920&q=75)
B-SC-AGRICULTURE in General at Gurdasidevi Institute of Management & Technology
Mansa, Punjab
.png&w=1920&q=75)
About the Specialization
What is General at Gurdasidevi Institute of Management & Technology Mansa?
This B.Sc (Agriculture) program at Gurdasidevi Institute of Management & Technology focuses on comprehensive agricultural sciences, integrating theoretical knowledge with practical skills. It is designed to equip students with expertise in crop production, soil science, plant protection, and agribusiness, crucial for India''''s evolving agricultural landscape. The program emphasizes sustainable farming and technological integration to meet national food security and rural development goals.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for 10+2 science students passionate about agriculture, sustainable practices, and rural development. It suits fresh graduates aspiring for careers in farming, agricultural research, extension services, or agri-business management. Additionally, individuals from farming backgrounds looking to modernize operations or pursue higher studies in agricultural sciences will find immense value in this comprehensive curriculum.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates of this program can expect diverse career paths in India, including roles as agricultural officers, farm managers, research assistants, extension specialists, or agri-entrepreneurs. Entry-level salaries typically range from INR 3-5 LPA, growing significantly with experience. Opportunities exist in government agencies, private agri-companies, NGOs, and banking sectors, contributing to India''''s robust agricultural economy and food processing industry.
Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Build Strong Scientific Fundamentals- (Semester 1-2)
Focus on mastering core subjects like Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics, and Mathematics through dedicated study. Utilize online platforms like Khan Academy and NCERT resources to strengthen basic scientific concepts, which are crucial for understanding advanced agricultural principles. Engage in peer study groups to clarify doubts and reinforce learning.
Tools & Resources
NCERT Textbooks, Khan Academy, Reference Books for 10+2 Science, Peer Study Groups
Career Connection
A solid foundation is essential for excelling in entrance exams for postgraduate studies (ICAR JRF, SAU admissions) and for understanding the scientific basis of agricultural technologies required for field officer roles.
Cultivate Observation & Basic Practical Skills- (Semester 1-2)
Actively participate in all laboratory sessions and field visits. Pay close attention to plant identification, soil analysis techniques, and basic farm machinery operation. Maintain detailed lab notebooks and seek opportunities for hands-on exposure at the college farm or local agricultural setups. This builds crucial foundational practical knowledge.
Tools & Resources
Lab Manuals, College Farm/Nursery, Local Farms (with permission)
Career Connection
Early practical exposure develops observational skills vital for effective problem-solving in real-world farming scenarios and prepares you for practical assessments in job interviews or competitive exams.
Develop Effective Communication & Digital Literacy- (Semester 1-2)
Enhance English communication skills through regular reading, writing, and public speaking practice. Utilize basic computer skills for report writing, presentations, and data management. Join college clubs for debates or presentations. Familiarize yourself with basic agricultural software if introduced.
Tools & Resources
Grammarly, Microsoft Office Suite, College English Speaking Clubs, Online Typing Tutors
Career Connection
Strong communication is key for extension work, presenting research, or interacting with farmers and stakeholders. Digital literacy is a basic requirement for most modern agricultural roles and reporting.
Intermediate Stage
Engage in Applied Field Projects and Internships- (Semester 3-5)
Seek out opportunities for short-term internships or mini-projects during semester breaks in areas like crop production, pest management, or soil testing. Engage with local farmers or agricultural organizations. This directly applies classroom learning and builds practical problem-solving skills, crucial for rural agricultural work experience (RAWE).
Tools & Resources
Local KVKs (Krishi Vigyan Kendras), State Agricultural Departments, Local Seed/Fertilizer Dealers, College Placement Cell
Career Connection
Practical experience significantly boosts employability, provides networking opportunities, and helps identify areas of interest for specialization or future career paths, aligning with RAWE objectives.
Specialize through Electives and Advanced Learning- (Semester 3-5)
Carefully choose elective subjects that align with your career aspirations (e.g., organic farming, plant breeding, agri-business). Beyond the curriculum, explore online courses (e.g., NPTEL, Coursera) or certifications in niche areas like precision agriculture, data analytics in agriculture, or advanced soil science. This deepens expertise.
Tools & Resources
NPTEL, Coursera/edX (Agronomy, Agri-Tech courses), ICAR E-Courses, Agricultural Magazines and Journals
Career Connection
Specialized knowledge makes you a more competitive candidate for specific roles in research, product development, or agri-consultancy firms. It also prepares for advanced degrees.
Network and Participate in Agri-Competitions- (Semester 3-5)
Attend agricultural seminars, workshops, and exhibitions (e.g., Agri-Tech India, Krishi Darshan). Join agricultural student societies and actively network with faculty, industry experts, and peers. Participate in agri-quiz competitions or model presentations to enhance knowledge and presentation skills.
Tools & Resources
Agri-Expo India, ICAR Events, LinkedIn, College Agricultural Club
Career Connection
Networking opens doors to mentorship, internships, and job opportunities. Competition participation hones critical thinking and confidence, valuable for leadership roles and entrepreneurship.
Advanced Stage
Excel in Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE)- (Semester 6-8)
Treat the RAWE program as a real-world job. Actively engage with farmers, understand their challenges, and propose practical solutions. Document every activity meticulously, from crop cycles to extension methodologies. Focus on understanding the socio-economic aspects of rural communities, not just technical agriculture.
Tools & Resources
RAWE Manual, Field Diaries, Local Farmer Networks, Extension Workers
Career Connection
Outstanding performance in RAWE provides invaluable field experience, demonstrates initiative, and builds a strong foundation for roles in agricultural extension, rural banking, or government agricultural schemes.
Develop Entrepreneurial Mindset and Business Acumen- (Semester 6-8)
For your project work, consider an entrepreneurship development project. Research agri-business models, market feasibility, and financial planning. Take workshops on venture capital, marketing, and business pitching. Develop a viable agri-startup idea. This is critical for self-employment or leadership roles.
Tools & Resources
Startup India Resources, NITI Aayog Documents, Agri-Business Incubators, Financial Modeling Tools
Career Connection
An entrepreneurial focus prepares you for establishing your own venture, joining agri-startups, or taking on management roles in established agricultural enterprises, contributing to job creation.
Master Placement & Interview Preparation- (Semester 6-8)
Regularly update your resume, highlighting internships, projects, and skills. Practice mock interviews, group discussions, and aptitude tests provided by the college''''s placement cell. Research target companies and common interview questions for agricultural roles. Refine your presentation skills for project defense.
Tools & Resources
Placement Cell Resources, Online Aptitude Tests, Interview Prep Websites (e.g., Freshersworld), Company Websites
Career Connection
Thorough preparation directly impacts placement success, securing roles in leading agri-companies, government organizations, or banking sectors, and ensuring a strong start to your career.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- 10+2 (Medical/Non-Medical/Agriculture) with at least 50% marks in aggregate (45% for SC/ST/OBC) from a recognized Board/University.
Duration: 4 years (8 semesters)
Credits: 168 Credits
Assessment: Internal: 40% (Mid-Term Exams, Assignments, Quizzes, Attendance), External: 60% (End-Term Examination)
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGRON-111 | Principles of Agronomy and Agricultural Meteorology | Core | 3 | Agronomy Scope and Principles, Crop Seasons and Ecology, Tillage, Sowing, Crop Stand, Nutrient and Water Management, Agricultural Meteorology, Climate Change |
| AGRON-112 | Agricultural Heritage | Core | 1 | Ancient Indian Agriculture, Historical Developments of Agriculture, Traditional Farming Systems, Sustainable Practices in History, Indigenous Agricultural Knowledge |
| PPATH-111 | Fundamentals of Plant Pathology | Core | 3 | History and Scope of Plant Pathology, Concept of Plant Disease, Host-Pathogen Interaction, Disease Cycle and Epidemiology, General Disease Control Measures |
| ENTOM-111 | Fundamentals of Entomology | Core | 3 | Insect Morphology and Anatomy, Insect Classification and Diversity, Beneficial and Harmful Insects, Principles of Pest Management, Insect Control Methods |
| GPB-111 | Fundamentals of Genetics | Core | 3 | Mendelian Principles of Inheritance, Chromosome Theory of Inheritance, Gene Interactions and Linkage, Genetic Recombination and Mutation, Cytogenetics and DNA Structure |
| SOIL-111 | Fundamentals of Soil Science | Core | 3 | Soil Formation and Pedogenesis, Physical Properties of Soil, Chemical Properties of Soil, Soil Organic Matter and Microbes, Soil Classification and Survey |
| HORT-111 | Fundamentals of Horticulture | Core | 3 | Importance of Horticulture, Plant Propagation Techniques, Pruning, Training, and Canopy Management, Cultivation of Fruits and Vegetables, Ornamental and Plantation Crops |
| AEX-111 | Rural Sociology and Educational Psychology | Core | 1 | Rural Social Structure, Social Change and Development, Rural Institutions and Leadership, Theories of Learning, Motivation and Extension Education |
| STAT-111 | Elementary Mathematics | Core | 2 | Matrices and Determinants, Differential Calculus, Integral Calculus, Differential Equations, Basic Statistics |
| ENG-111 | Comprehension & Communication Skills in English | Core | 2 | Grammar and Vocabulary, Reading Comprehension, Writing Skills and Report Writing, Verbal Communication and Presentation, Interpersonal Communication |
Semester 2
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGRON-121 | Crop Production Technology – I (Kharif Crops) | Core | 3 | Principles of Kharif Crop Cultivation, Rice Cultivation Practices, Maize and Sorghum Production, Groundnut and Soybean Cultivation, Cotton and Pulses Production |
| GPB-121 | Fundamentals of Plant Breeding | Core | 3 | History and Objectives of Plant Breeding, Modes of Plant Reproduction, Selection Methods in Crop Improvement, Hybridization Techniques, Mutation and Polyploidy Breeding |
| PPATH-121 | Agricultural Microbiology | Core | 3 | Microorganisms in Soil Environment, Nitrogen Fixation and Biofertilizers, Biopesticides and Biocontrol, Microbes in Compost and Manure, Post-Harvest Microbiology |
| AGECON-121 | Principles of Agricultural Economics | Core | 2 | Basic Economic Concepts, Demand, Supply and Market Equilibrium, Production Functions and Costs, Market Structures and Pricing, Farm Management and Resource Allocation |
| EXT-121 | Fundamentals of Agricultural Extension Education | Core | 3 | Concept and Principles of Extension, Communication Models in Extension, Teaching and Learning Methods, Program Planning and Evaluation, Rural Development Programs |
| SOIL-121 | Soil and Water Conservation Engineering | Core | 3 | Soil Erosion and its Control, Water Harvesting Techniques, Irrigation Systems and Management, Drainage Engineering, Land Capability Classification |
| AENG-121 | Farm Machinery and Power | Core | 2 | Farm Mechanization and its Importance, Tractors and their Components, Tillage and Sowing Equipment, Inter-cultivation and Harvesting Machinery, Farm Power Sources |
| HORT-121 | Production Technology for Vegetables and Spices | Core | 3 | Principles of Vegetable Production, Cultivation of Major Vegetable Crops, Production of Important Spice Crops, Protected Cultivation of Vegetables, Post-Harvest Management of Vegetables |
| BIOC-121 | Fundamentals of Biochemistry | Core | 3 | Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Enzymes and Coenzymes, Vitamins and Hormones, Metabolism Pathways (Glycolysis, TCA), Nucleic Acids and Genetic Code |
| NCC-121 | Human Values & Ethics | Compulsory Non-Credit Course | 1 | Understanding Human Values, Ethical Principles and Dilemmas, Moral Reasoning and Decision Making, Professional Ethics in Agriculture, Societal Responsibility and Sustainability |
Semester 3
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGRON-231 | Crop Production Technology – II (Rabi Crops) | Core | 3 | Principles of Rabi Crop Cultivation, Wheat and Barley Production, Chickpea and Lentil Cultivation, Mustard and Rapeseed Production, Potato and Sugarcane Cultivation |
| SOIL-231 | Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management | Core | 3 | Essential Plant Nutrients, Organic Manures and Composting, Inorganic Fertilizers and their Use, Integrated Nutrient Management, Soil Testing and Fertilizer Recommendations |
| GPB-231 | Principles of Seed Technology | Core | 3 | Importance of Quality Seed, Seed Production and Processing, Seed Quality Testing, Seed Dormancy and Viability, Seed Storage and Certification |
| ENTOM-231 | Principles of Integrated Pest and Disease Management | Core | 3 | Concept and Components of IPM, Pest Surveillance and Forecasting, Biological Control Methods, Chemical Control and Safe Use, Cultural and Physical Control |
| AECO-231 | Agricultural Finance and Cooperation | Core | 2 | Role of Agricultural Finance, Sources of Rural Credit, Farm Indebtedness, Cooperative Movement in Agriculture, Crop Insurance Schemes |
| HORT-231 | Production Technology for Fruit and Plantation Crops | Core | 3 | Principles of Fruit Production, Cultivation of Major Fruit Crops (Mango, Citrus), Production of Temperate Fruits (Apple, Pear), Cultivation of Plantation Crops (Tea, Coffee), Nursery Management for Perennial Crops |
| FOR-231 | Forestry and Agroforestry | Core | 3 | Forest Types and Classification, Silviculture Practices, Forest Products and Utilization, Social Forestry and Community Forests, Agroforestry Systems and Benefits |
| AECO-232 | Agricultural Marketing, Trade and Prices | Core | 2 | Concept of Agricultural Marketing, Market Structure and Efficiency, Agricultural Prices and Price Policy, Role of Government in Marketing, International Trade in Agriculture |
| FSC-231 | Food Processing and Safety Issues | Core | 3 | Principles of Food Preservation, Food Processing Technologies, Food Additives and Packaging, Food Quality Control and Standards, Food Safety and HACCP |
Semester 4
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGRON-241 | Farming System & Sustainable Agriculture | Core | 2 | Concept of Farming Systems, Integrated Farming System Components, Principles of Sustainable Agriculture, Organic Farming Practices, Climate-Smart Agriculture |
| GPB-241 | Crop Improvement (Kharif Crops) | Core | 2 | Breeding Objectives for Kharif Crops, Improvement of Rice, Maize, Sorghum, Breeding for Disease and Pest Resistance, Molecular Breeding Techniques, Varietal Release and Notification |
| PPATH-241 | Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops | Core | 3 | Diseases of Cereal Crops (Rice, Wheat), Diseases of Pulse and Oilseed Crops, Diseases of Cotton and Sugarcane, Diseases of Major Fruit Crops, Diseases of Important Vegetable Crops |
| ENTOM-241 | Pests of Field and Horticultural Crops and their Management | Core | 3 | Pests of Cereal Crops (Rice, Maize), Pests of Pulse and Oilseed Crops, Pests of Cotton and Sugarcane, Pests of Major Fruit Crops, Pests of Important Vegetable Crops |
| EXT-241 | Entrepreneurship Development and Business Communication | Core | 2 | Concept of Entrepreneurship, Business Plan Preparation, Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication, Presentation Skills, Negotiation and Conflict Resolution |
| AENG-241 | Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture | Core | 2 | Greenhouse Technology, Polyhouse and Shade Net Cultivation, Vertical Farming and Hydroponics, Post-Harvest Technology, Value Addition in Agriculture |
| AECO-241 | Livestock and Poultry Management | Core | 3 | Breeds of Livestock and Poultry, Housing and Nutrition for Animals, Health Management and Disease Control, Dairy Farming Practices, Poultry Production and Management |
| BIOCHEM-241 | Crop Physiology | Core | 3 | Photosynthesis and Respiration, Plant Water Relations, Nutrient Uptake and Metabolism, Plant Growth Regulators, Stress Physiology |
| ENVS-241 | Environmental Science and Disaster Management | Core | 2 | Ecosystems and Biodiversity, Environmental Pollution, Climate Change and Global Warming, Natural Disasters and Types, Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness |
Semester 5
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGRON-351 | Rainfed Agriculture and Watershed Management | Core | 3 | Concept of Rainfed Agriculture, Drought Management Strategies, Watershed Management Principles, Soil and Water Conservation Techniques, Cropping Systems for Rainfed Areas |
| GPB-351 | Crop Improvement (Rabi Crops) | Core | 2 | Breeding Objectives for Rabi Crops, Improvement of Wheat, Barley, Oats, Breeding of Chickpea and Lentil, Mustard and Rapeseed Breeding, Varietal Development and Release |
| PPATH-351 | Biofertilizers and Biopesticides | Core | 3 | Types of Biofertilizers, Nitrogen Fixing Microbes, Phosphorus Solubilizing Bacteria, Microbial Biopesticides, Integrated Pest Management with Bio-inputs |
| ENTOM-351 | Beneficial Insects and Sericulture | Core | 2 | Pollinating Insects and their Role, Natural Enemies of Pests, Apiculture (Beekeeping), Sericulture (Silkworm Rearing), Lac Culture and its Management |
| AENG-351 | Geo-informatics and Nanotechnology for Agriculture | Core | 2 | Geographic Information System (GIS), Global Positioning System (GPS), Remote Sensing Applications, Precision Agriculture, Nanotechnology in Agriculture |
| EXT-351 | Communication Skills and Personality Development | Core | 2 | Effective Communication Principles, Public Speaking and Presentation, Group Discussion and Interview Skills, Resume Writing and Professional Etiquette, Personality Development and Emotional Intelligence |
| STAT-351 | Agricultural Statistics | Core | 2 | Basic Statistical Concepts, Probability and Distributions, Sampling Techniques, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Regression and Correlation |
| EL-AGRON-351 | Organic Farming | Elective | 2 | Principles of Organic Agriculture, Organic Nutrient Management, Organic Pest and Disease Control, Organic Certification, Marketing Organic Products |
| EL-GPB-351 | Commercial Plant Breeding | Elective | 2 | Variety Release System, Intellectual Property Rights in Breeding, Seed Business and Economics, DUS Testing and PVP, Role of Private Sector in Breeding |
| EL-PPATH-351 | Mushroom Cultivation | Elective | 2 | Types of Edible Mushrooms, Cultivation Technology of Oyster Mushroom, Cultivation Technology of Button Mushroom, Pest and Disease Management in Mushrooms, Post-Harvest Management of Mushrooms |
| EL-ENTOM-351 | Pest of Storage Grains | Elective | 2 | Major Pests of Stored Grains, Damage Caused by Storage Pests, Prevention and Control Measures, Fumigation Techniques, Safe Storage Practices |
| EL-HORT-351 | Landscaping and Ornamental Gardening | Elective | 2 | Principles of Landscape Design, Garden Styles and Types, Selection of Ornamental Plants, Turf Management, Maintenance of Landscape Features |
| EL-AECO-351 | Intellectual Property Rights | Elective | 1 | Introduction to IPR, Patents and Trademarks, Copyrights and Geographical Indications, Plant Variety Protection (PVP), IPR in Agriculture |
| EL-AGENG-351 | Renewable Energy and Green Technology | Elective | 2 | Solar Energy Applications, Wind Energy Systems, Biomass Energy and Biofuels, Waste to Energy Technologies, Green Technologies for Agriculture |
Semester 6
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGRON-361 | Weed Management | Core | 3 | Weed Biology and Ecology, Crop-Weed Competition, Methods of Weed Control (Cultural, Physical), Chemical Weed Control (Herbicides), Integrated Weed Management |
| GPB-361 | Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering | Core | 3 | DNA Structure and Replication, Gene Expression (Transcription, Translation), Recombinant DNA Technology, Cloning Vectors and Gene Transfer, Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) |
| PPATH-361 | Plant Virology and Bacteriology | Core | 3 | General Characteristics of Plant Viruses, Plant Viral Diseases and their Management, General Characteristics of Plant Bacteria, Bacterial Diseases and their Management, Diagnosis of Viral and Bacterial Diseases |
| ENTOM-361 | Insect Ecology and Biological Control | Core | 3 | Insect Population Dynamics, Insect and Environment Interactions, Principles of Biological Control, Natural Enemies (Parasitoids, Predators), Mass Rearing and Release of Biocontrol Agents |
| AENG-361 | Agricultural Waste Management | Core | 2 | Types of Agricultural Wastes, Composting and Vermicomposting, Biogas Production from Agri-waste, Recycling and Reuse of Agri-waste, Environmental Impact of Waste |
| AECO-361 | Production Economics and Farm Management | Core | 3 | Production Decisions in Agriculture, Cost Concepts and Analysis, Farm Planning and Budgeting, Risk and Uncertainty in Farming, Resource Management for Profitability |
| SDC-AGRON-361 | Commercial Seed Production | Skill Development Course | 2 | Foundation and Certified Seed Production, Seed Plot Technique, Hybrid Seed Production, Seed Processing and Storage, Seed Marketing and Economics |
| SDC-HORT-361 | Nursery Management | Skill Development Course | 2 | Types of Plant Nurseries, Propagation Structures, Growing Media Preparation, Plant Protection in Nursery, Nursery Business Management |
| SDC-PPATH-361 | Bio-agents and Bio-pesticides Production | Skill Development Course | 2 | Mass Production of Bio-agents, Formulation of Bio-pesticides, Quality Control of Biocontrol Products, Application Techniques, Business Aspects of Bio-inputs |
| SDC-ENTOM-361 | Apiculture (Beekeeping) | Skill Development Course | 2 | Biology of Honeybees, Bee Hive Management, Honey Extraction and Processing, Bee Diseases and Pests, Apiary Economics and Marketing |
| SDC-AEX-361 | Extension Methodologies for Transfer of Agricultural Technology | Skill Development Course | 2 | Participatory Rural Appraisal, Extension Teaching Methods, Use of Mass Media in Extension, Impact Assessment of Technologies, Developing Extension Programs |
| SDC-AGENG-361 | Operation and Maintenance of Drones in Agriculture | Skill Development Course | 2 | Types and Components of Drones, Drone Regulations and Safety, Flight Planning and Operation, Data Collection and Analysis, Applications in Precision Agriculture |
Semester 7
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RAWE-471 | Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) | Experiential Learning | 20 | Village Attachment and Rural Survey, Crop Production Activities, Plant Protection Strategies, Animal Husbandry Practices, Extension Activities and Farmer Interactions, Agro-Industrial Attachment |
| ELP-471 | Experiential Learning Program (ELP) | Experiential Learning | 10 | Production of Bio-inputs, Seed Production and Technology, Mushroom and Protected Cultivation, Value Addition and Post-Harvest Technology, Commercial Apiary and Sericulture, Agri-Entrepreneurship Development |
Semester 8
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PJG-481 | Project Work / Internship / In-plant Training | Project | 10 | Problem Identification and Literature Review, Experimental Design and Methodology, Data Collection and Analysis, Report Writing and Documentation, Presentation and Viva-Voce |
| EXT-481 | Extension Education Project / Entrepreneurship Development Project | Project | 5 | Needs Assessment in Rural Areas, Project Planning and Implementation, Monitoring and Evaluation of Projects, Developing Business Proposals, Market Survey and Feasibility Analysis |
| EL-AGRON-481 | Principles and Practices of Yoga | Elective | 1 | Fundamentals of Yoga Philosophy, Introduction to Asanas and Pranayama, Meditation Techniques, Stress Management through Yoga, Benefits for Physical and Mental Health |
| EL-AGRON-482 | Organic Farming and Certification | Elective | 2 | National Standards for Organic Production, Organic Certification Process, Transition to Organic Farming, Marketing and Value Chains for Organic Products, Economic Viability of Organic Farming |
| EL-GPB-481 | Hybrid Seed Production | Elective | 2 | Principles of Hybrid Vigor, Male Sterility Systems, Parental Line Development, Hybrid Seed Production Techniques, Quality Control of Hybrid Seeds |
| EL-PPATH-481 | Diagnostic Techniques in Plant Pathology | Elective | 2 | Visual Diagnosis of Plant Diseases, Microscopic Techniques for Pathogen Identification, Serological Diagnostic Methods, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques (PCR), Isolation and Identification of Pathogens |
| EL-ENTOM-481 | Bio-resource Management | Elective | 2 | Concept of Bio-resources, Biodiversity Conservation Strategies, Sustainable Use of Bio-resources, Intellectual Property Rights over Bio-resources, Policy and Legislation for Bio-resource Management |
| EL-HORT-481 | Post-Harvest Management of Horticultural Crops | Elective | 2 | Harvesting and Handling Techniques, Pre-Cooling and Storage Methods, Packaging and Transportation, Value Addition to Horticultural Produce, Post-Harvest Losses and their Reduction |
| EL-AECO-481 | Agri-Business Management | Elective | 2 | Principles of Agri-Business, Agri-Business Planning and Policy, Financial Management in Agri-Business, Marketing Strategies for Agricultural Products, Supply Chain Management in Agriculture |
| EL-AENG-481 | Farm Mechanization and Energy Management | Elective | 2 | Selection of Farm Machinery, Maintenance and Repair of Farm Equipment, Energy Sources in Agriculture, Energy Conservation Strategies, Cost Analysis of Farm Mechanization |
