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M-SC-AGRICULTURE in Genetics And Plant Breeding at Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University
Pauri Garhwal, Uttarakhand
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About the Specialization
What is Genetics and Plant Breeding at Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Pauri Garhwal?
This M.Sc. Agriculture, Genetics and Plant Breeding program at Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University focuses on developing expertise in crop improvement, genetic manipulation, and sustainable agricultural practices. It addresses the critical need for enhanced crop yield, quality, and resilience in the face of climate change and increasing food demand in India. The program emphasizes both theoretical knowledge and practical skills, integrating conventional breeding with modern biotechnological tools to create superior crop varieties.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for Bachelor of Science in Agriculture or Horticulture graduates seeking entry into agricultural research, development, or seed production sectors. It also suits working professionals in agricultural companies looking to upskill in advanced breeding techniques or pursue higher education. Individuals passionate about crop improvement, food security, and contributing to India''''s agricultural growth will find this specialization highly rewarding, preparing them for specialized roles in research and development.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates of this program can expect diverse career paths in India, including roles as Plant Breeders, Geneticists, Research Scientists in ICAR institutions, agricultural universities, or private seed companies. Entry-level salaries typically range from INR 3-6 lakhs per annum, with experienced professionals earning significantly more. The program aligns with the demand for expertise in developing climate-resilient and high-yielding crop varieties, contributing to India''''s food sovereignty and economic stability, opening avenues for leadership roles in agricultural innovation.
Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Master Core Genetic Principles- (Semester 1-2)
Thoroughly understand Mendelian genetics, cytogenetics, and principles of plant breeding by focusing on theoretical concepts and solving problem sets. Regularly attend practical sessions to gain hands-on experience in chromosome analysis, crossing techniques, and data recording, reinforcing classroom learning.
Tools & Resources
Textbooks on Genetics and Plant Breeding, Online tutorials on Mendelian problems, Laboratory manuals for practicals
Career Connection
A strong foundation is crucial for understanding advanced breeding techniques and research methodologies, essential for R&D roles in agricultural companies and research institutions.
Develop Data Analysis Skills- (Semester 1-2)
Focus on developing strong biostatistics and experimental design skills. Utilize statistical software to analyze experimental data from practicals and small projects. Participate in workshops on statistical tools to enhance data interpretation and presentation abilities.
Tools & Resources
R statistical software, MS Excel, Biostatistics textbooks, Online courses on data analysis in agriculture
Career Connection
Proficiency in data analysis is critical for research, trial management, and developing data-driven breeding strategies, highly valued by seed companies and research organizations.
Engage in Early Field/Lab Exposure- (Semester 1-2)
Seek opportunities for short-term visits to local agricultural research stations, university farms, or private seed company facilities. Even small observations can help connect theoretical knowledge with real-world plant breeding challenges and practices in the Indian context.
Tools & Resources
Departmental field trips, Local ICAR centers, University extension centers
Career Connection
Early exposure helps in understanding industry demands, networking with professionals, and identifying areas of interest for future specialization or research projects.
Intermediate Stage
Undertake Mini-Projects and Internships- (Semester 3)
Actively pursue short-term research projects under faculty guidance or apply for internships at ICAR institutes, State Agricultural Universities, or private seed companies. Focus on specific breeding objectives like stress resistance or molecular marker application.
Tools & Resources
University project opportunities, ICAR internship programs, Company career portals
Career Connection
Hands-on experience strengthens practical skills, builds a professional network, and provides valuable content for resumes and future job interviews in the Indian agricultural sector.
Specialize in Molecular Techniques- (Semester 3)
Deepen understanding and practical skills in molecular genetics, particularly in techniques like PCR, gel electrophoresis, DNA extraction, and marker-assisted selection. Utilize lab resources and seek advanced training if available.
Tools & Resources
Molecular biology lab equipment, Specialized kits, Online protocols (e.g., from research papers)
Career Connection
Expertise in molecular tools is highly sought after for modern plant breeding, genetic engineering, and biotechnology roles, offering a competitive edge in the Indian R&D landscape.
Participate in Academic Competitions- (Semester 3)
Join agricultural quizzes, debate competitions, or student conferences related to plant science. Present research findings or review papers. This hones presentation skills, critical thinking, and broadens knowledge beyond the curriculum.
Tools & Resources
Agricultural university events, National-level student forums, Professional societies like ISGPB
Career Connection
Participation enhances visibility, builds confidence, and allows networking with peers and experts, which can lead to future collaborations or job opportunities in India.
Advanced Stage
Conduct an Impactful Research Dissertation- (Semester 4)
Dedicate significant effort to the M.Sc. dissertation, choosing a research problem that addresses a relevant issue in Indian agriculture (e.g., developing drought-tolerant varieties, improving nutritional content). Aim for publishable quality research work.
Tools & Resources
University research facilities, Mentorship from faculty, Access to scientific databases
Career Connection
A high-quality dissertation is crucial for showcasing research aptitude, essential for careers in academia, ICAR research, or R&D departments of top agricultural companies.
Network and Attend Industry Events- (Semester 4)
Actively network with professionals and recruiters during university placement drives, agricultural expos (e.g., Agri-Tech India), and national conferences. Prepare a strong resume highlighting research experience and specialized skills.
Tools & Resources
LinkedIn, Professional conferences and workshops, University placement cell
Career Connection
Networking is vital for discovering job opportunities, getting referrals, and understanding current industry trends and demands in the Indian agricultural sector.
Prepare for Career Entry/Higher Studies- (Semester 4)
Engage in mock interviews and group discussions. For those aiming for Ph.D., prepare for competitive exams like ICAR-NET/JRF/SRF. Focus on communication skills and articulating research contributions effectively.
Tools & Resources
Career counseling services, Online interview preparation platforms, Previous year question papers for competitive exams
Career Connection
Strategic preparation ensures a smooth transition into employment or further academic pursuits, maximizing chances of securing desired roles or admissions in India''''s agricultural domain.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- B.Sc. Agriculture (4 years duration) with 50% marks for General/OBC & 45% for SC/ST categories from a recognized university.
Duration: 4 semesters / 2 years
Credits: 92 Credits
Assessment: Internal: Theory: 30%, Practical: 50%, External: Theory: 70%, Practical: 50%
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPB 501 | Principles of Genetics | Core Theory + Practical | 4 | History of Genetics and its development, Mendelian Genetics and its extensions, Chromosome Theory of Inheritance, Linkage and Crossing Over, Allelic and Non-allelic Gene Interactions, Gene Mutations, Chromosomal Aberrations, Transposable Elements and Cytoplasmic Inheritance |
| GPB 502 | Principles of Plant Breeding | Core Theory + Practical | 4 | History and scope of Plant Breeding, Modes of Reproduction, Breeding methods for Self-Pollinated Crops, Breeding methods for Cross-Pollinated Crops, Breeding methods for Asexually Propagated Crops, Heterosis Breeding, Mutation Breeding, Polyploidy Breeding and Synthetic varieties |
| GPB 503 | Biostatistics | Core Theory + Practical | 3 | Introduction to Biostatistics, Data Collection and Presentation, Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion, Probability and Probability Distributions, Correlation and Regression Analysis, Tests of Significance (t-test, Chi-square, F-test), Experimental Designs (CRD, RBD, LSD) |
| GPB 504 | Cytogenetics | Core Theory + Practical | 3 | Cell and its organelles, Structure and function of nucleus, Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis, their significance, Chromosome Structure, Karyotype analysis, Polyploidy, Aneuploidy and their role in plant breeding, Chromosomal Rearrangements (deletions, duplications, inversions, translocations), Genetic recombination and crossing over mechanisms |
Semester 2
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPB 505 | Quantitative Genetics | Core Theory + Practical | 4 | Quantitative characters and polygenic inheritance, Genetic variance and its components, Heritability (broad sense and narrow sense), Genetic Advance and Selection methods, Correlated Response to selection, QTL mapping and marker-assisted selection for complex traits |
| GPB 506 | Breeding for Stress Resistance | Core Theory + Practical | 3 | Concept of biotic and abiotic stresses in crops, Breeding for Disease Resistance (fungal, bacterial, viral), Breeding for Insect Pest Resistance, Breeding for Abiotic Stress Tolerance (drought, salinity, heat, cold), Mechanisms of resistance and tolerance, Screening techniques and sources of resistance |
| GPB 507 | Molecular Genetics | Core Theory + Practical | 3 | Structure and function of DNA and RNA, DNA Replication, Transcription, and Translation, Gene Regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, Genetic Engineering Tools and Techniques, Recombinant DNA Technology and gene cloning, Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) and its applications |
| GPB 508 | Seed Science and Technology | Core Theory + Practical | 3 | Seed structure, development, and composition, Seed dormancy and its alleviation, Seed viability, vigour, and longevity, Seed health testing and seed-borne diseases, Seed production, processing, and storage, Seed quality control and certification standards |
Semester 3
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPB 601 | Heterosis Breeding | Core Theory + Practical | 4 | Concept and significance of Heterosis, Genetic and Physiological Basis of Heterosis, Heterosis breeding in Self-Pollinated Crops, Heterosis breeding in Cross-Pollinated Crops, Male Sterility, Self-Incompatibility, and Apomixis, Development of Synthetic and Composite Varieties |
| GPB 602 | Biotechnological Tools in Plant Breeding | Core Theory + Practical | 4 | Plant Tissue Culture techniques (callus, cell, organ culture), Micropropagation and germplasm conservation, Anther and Ovule culture for haploid production, Somatic Hybridization and cybrids, Transgenic Plants: development and applications, Gene Editing technologies (CRISPR-Cas9), Biosafety, Ethical Issues, and Intellectual Property Rights |
| GPB 603 | Plant Genetic Resources and their Utilization | Core Theory + Practical | 3 | Importance and diversity of Plant Genetic Resources (PGR), Centers of Origin and Vavilov''''s contribution, Germplasm Exploration, Collection, and Conservation (in-situ, ex-situ), Characterization, Evaluation, and Documentation of Germplasm, Core and Mini Core Collections, Legal and Policy Issues related to PGR (CBD, ITPGRFA) |
| GPB 604 | Advanced Plant Breeding | Core Theory + Practical | 3 | Ideotype Breeding and concept of crop ideotypes, Participatory Plant Breeding (PPB) and Farmer''''s Rights, Transgenic Crop Development and regulatory aspects, Double Haploidy and its role in breeding, Genomic Selection and its advantages, Speed Breeding techniques for faster crop cycles, Crop Improvement strategies for Climate Change resilience |
Semester 4
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GPB 605 | Experiential Learning/Project Work (Dissertation) | Project/Dissertation | 20 | Identification of research problem and literature review, Formulation of research hypothesis and objectives, Designing of experiments and data collection methods, Statistical analysis and interpretation of results, Scientific report writing and thesis preparation, Presentation of research findings and defense |
