.png&w=1920&q=75)
PH-D in Biological Sciences And Bio Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Kanpur Nagar, Uttar Pradesh
.png&w=1920&q=75)
About the Specialization
What is Biological Sciences and Bio-Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Kanpur Nagar?
This Biological Sciences and Bio-Engineering (BSBE) PhD program at IIT Kanpur focuses on cutting-edge interdisciplinary research at the interface of biology, engineering, and medicine. It addresses complex biological problems using engineering principles and develops novel technologies for healthcare, environment, and industry. The program is distinguished by its strong emphasis on quantitative approaches, computational methods, and experimental biology, catering to the growing demand for highly skilled researchers in India''''s burgeoning biotechnology and biomedical sectors.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for highly motivated individuals with a strong academic background in engineering, biological sciences, or medicine. It attracts fresh postgraduates (M.Tech/M.Sc) seeking to deepen their research expertise, as well as exceptional bachelor''''s degree holders (B.Tech/B.S.) aiming for direct doctoral studies. Working professionals in R&D seeking advanced research degrees and career changers with a strong foundation in allied fields are also suitable, provided they meet the rigorous academic and entrance examination prerequisites.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates of this program can expect to pursue impactful careers as research scientists, university professors, and R&D specialists in leading Indian and global pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and biomedical companies. Entry-level salaries for Ph.D. holders in India typically range from INR 8-15 LPA, with experienced professionals earning significantly more (INR 20-50+ LPA). Graduates are well-prepared for leadership roles in academic research, drug discovery, bio-manufacturing, and developing innovative healthcare solutions, contributing to India''''s scientific advancements.
Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Master Core Concepts and Research Methodology- (Semesters 1-2)
Dedicate initial semesters to thoroughly understand fundamental and advanced concepts from chosen coursework. Actively engage in ''''Research Methodology in Biosciences'''' (BS701) to build a strong foundation in scientific inquiry, experimental design, and data interpretation crucial for doctoral research.
Tools & Resources
IITK Central Library, Online Course Platforms (NPTEL, Coursera), Departmental Seminars
Career Connection
A strong conceptual base is essential for identifying novel research problems and executing robust research, laying the groundwork for high-impact publications and thesis defense.
Proactively Engage with Research Groups and Faculty- (Semesters 1-2)
Identify potential research advisors and their labs early on. Attend departmental research presentations, schedule one-on-one meetings with faculty whose work aligns with your interests, and seek opportunities for lab rotations or short projects to explore potential research directions and build foundational lab skills.
Tools & Resources
BSBE Faculty Profiles, Departmental Research Talks, Lab Rotation Programs
Career Connection
Early engagement helps in selecting a suitable research area and advisor, which is critical for timely thesis completion and aligns your skills with cutting-edge research relevant to industry needs.
Cultivate Critical Thinking and Scientific Communication- (Semesters 1-2)
Actively participate in journal clubs, seminars, and group discussions. Practice articulating scientific ideas clearly and concisely, both verbally and in writing. Focus on interpreting scientific literature critically, identifying gaps, and formulating hypotheses.
Tools & Resources
Scientific Journals (Nature, Science, Cell), Grammarly, Presentation Skills Workshops
Career Connection
Strong communication skills are paramount for publishing research, presenting at conferences, and effectively conveying research impact to future employers or grant agencies.
Intermediate Stage
Develop Specialized Experimental and Computational Skills- (Semesters 3-5)
Beyond coursework, commit to gaining hands-on expertise in advanced experimental techniques (e.g., genomics, proteomics, imaging, bioprocessing) and computational tools (e.g., bioinformatics, machine learning) relevant to your research project. Seek workshops or online courses to fill skill gaps.
Tools & Resources
IITK Advanced Instrumentation Facilities, Biomedical Engineering Labs, GitHub, Python/R Tutorials
Career Connection
Possessing a diverse and specialized skill set makes you a highly competitive candidate for research positions in academia and industry, where practical application of knowledge is valued.
Prepare for and Excel in Comprehensive Examination- (Semesters 3-4)
Systematically review all relevant coursework and research literature. Form study groups with peers and actively engage with your advisor for guidance. A strong performance in the comprehensive exam validates your knowledge breadth and depth, marking a significant milestone in your doctoral journey.
Tools & Resources
Course Notes, Textbooks, Previous Exam Papers (if available), Study Groups
Career Connection
Passing the comprehensive exam demonstrates your mastery of the field, enabling you to progress to advanced research and enhancing your credibility as a subject matter expert for future roles.
Initiate Research, Network, and Attend Conferences- (Semeters 3-5)
Start designing and executing your thesis research. Present your preliminary findings at internal departmental symposia. Actively network with researchers at national/international conferences to gain feedback, identify collaboration opportunities, and build your professional network within your chosen field.
Tools & Resources
Research Lab Meetings, National/International Conferences (e.g., BioAsia, EMBO), LinkedIn
Career Connection
Early research output and networking are crucial for establishing your scientific presence, attracting potential employers or collaborators, and showcasing your research capabilities.
Advanced Stage
Focus on High-Impact Publications and Thesis Writing- (Semesters 6-8)
Prioritize publishing your research findings in reputable peer-reviewed journals. Develop a rigorous writing schedule for your thesis, focusing on clarity, scientific accuracy, and logical flow. Regular meetings with your advisor for feedback are critical.
Tools & Resources
Journal Databases (PubMed, Web of Science), Reference Managers (Zotero, Mendeley), Thesis Writing Workshops
Career Connection
High-impact publications are the primary currency in academic and industrial research, boosting your CV significantly for post-doctoral positions, faculty roles, or R&D scientist roles.
Prepare for Thesis Defense and Post-PhD Planning- (Semesters 6-7 (or final year))
Practice your thesis defense presentation extensively, anticipating challenging questions from your committee. Simultaneously, actively explore post-PhD opportunities, preparing job applications, CVs, and cover letters for academic, industrial, or entrepreneurial paths. Attend mock interviews.
Tools & Resources
Mock Defense Sessions, Career Services Cell at IITK, Professional Mentors, Job Portals (Nature Careers, LinkedIn)
Career Connection
A successful defense is the culmination of your PhD. Proactive career planning ensures a smooth transition into your desired professional role, whether it''''s a postdoc, R&D scientist, or an academic position.
Cultivate Mentorship and Collaborative Relationships- (Throughout the program, intensifying in later stages)
Seek out mentors beyond your primary advisor (e.g., senior postdocs, other faculty, industry professionals). Foster collaborative relationships with peers and other labs. These networks provide invaluable advice, potential future collaborations, and support for your long-term career trajectory.
Tools & Resources
Departmental Alumni Network, Professional Societies (e.g., Indian National Science Academy), Collaborative Research Projects
Career Connection
A strong professional network is a valuable asset throughout your career, opening doors to new opportunities, funding, and partnerships in India''''s competitive scientific landscape.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- Master''''s degree (M.Tech/M.Sc(Engg)/M.Pharm/MD) in relevant Biological Sciences, Bioengineering, or allied fields with minimum 65% aggregate marks or 6.5/10 CPI OR Bachelor''''s degree (B.Tech/B.S.(4 year)/B.E./M.Sc.) in any branch of Engineering or B.Sc. (4 year) with minimum 75% aggregate marks or 7.5/10 CPI OR MBBS with 65% aggregate marks. Candidates must also possess a valid GATE score or NET-JRF qualification, or other relevant fellowships as per IITK norms.
Duration: Minimum 2-3 years, maximum 7 years (varies based on entry qualification)
Credits: Minimum 12-24 coursework credits (depending on entry qualification); additional credits for research and thesis work Credits
Assessment: Assessment pattern not specified
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester coursework
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BS601 | Advanced Bioengineering | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Principles of Bioengineering, Advanced Biological Systems, Engineering Applications in Biology, Biological Design and Modeling, Translational Bioengineering |
| BS602 | Advanced Cell Biology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Cellular Organization and Organelles, Cell Signaling Pathways, Cell Cycle Regulation, Apoptosis and Cell Death, Cell Differentiation and Development |
| BS603 | Advanced Molecular Biology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Gene Expression and Regulation, DNA Replication and Repair, Transcription and RNA Processing, Translation and Protein Synthesis, Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics |
| BS604 | Neurobiology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Neuronal Structure and Function, Synaptic Transmission, Neural Circuits and Systems, Sensory and Motor Systems, Neurological Disorders |
| BS605 | Immunology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Immune Cells and Organs, Antibody Structure and Function, Immunological Techniques, Vaccines and Immunotherapy |
| BS606 | Structural Biology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Protein and Nucleic Acid Structure, X-ray Crystallography, NMR Spectroscopy, Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Protein Folding and Dynamics |
| BS607 | Biostatistics | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Statistical Inference, Hypothesis Testing, ANOVA and Regression Analysis, Experimental Design, Biological Data Interpretation |
| BS608 | Advanced Biophysical Chemistry | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Macromolecular Interactions, Spectroscopic Methods, Thermodynamics of Biological Systems, Kinetics of Enzyme Reactions, Biomolecular Dynamics |
| BS609 | Advanced Microbiology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Microbial Physiology and Genetics, Bacterial Pathogenesis, Antimicrobial Resistance, Microbial Ecology, Virology and Mycology |
| BS610 | Recombinant DNA Technology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Gene Cloning and Vectors, PCR and RT-PCR Techniques, Gene Expression Systems, Genetic Manipulation, Applications in Biotechnology |
| BS611 | Enzyme Engineering | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Enzyme Kinetics and Mechanisms, Enzyme Immobilization, Directed Evolution, Rational Enzyme Design, Industrial Enzyme Applications |
| BS612 | Biochemical Engineering | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Bioreactor Design Principles, Mass Transfer in Bioreactors, Enzyme Technology, Fermentation Processes, Bioproduct Recovery |
| BS613 | Bioprocess Engineering | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Upstream and Downstream Processing, Bioprocess Scale-up, Fermentation Economics, Bioprocess Optimization, Quality Control in Bioprocessing |
| BS614 | Biomaterial Science | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Material Properties and Characterization, Biocompatibility and Biofouling, Tissue-Material Interaction, Biodegradable Materials, Drug Delivery Systems |
| BS615 | Biological Systems Engineering | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Systems Approaches in Biology, Mathematical Modeling of Systems, Simulation and Control Theory, Synthetic Biology Concepts, Metabolic Network Analysis |
| BS616 | Plant Biochemistry | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Photosynthesis and Carbon Metabolism, Plant Hormones and Signaling, Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis, Plant Stress Responses, Genetic Engineering in Plants |
| BS617 | Genomics and Proteomics | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Genome Sequencing and Annotation, Transcriptomics and RNA-seq, Proteomics Techniques (Mass Spec), Omics Data Analysis, Functional Genomics |
| BS618 | Bioinformatics | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Sequence Alignment Algorithms, Phylogenetics and Evolution, Protein Structure Prediction, Biological Databases and Data Mining, Computational Drug Design |
| BS619 | Biosensors and Bioinstrumentation | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Sensing Principles and Transducers, Bioreceptors and Detection Methods, Signal Processing in Biosensors, Clinical Diagnostics Applications, Environmental Monitoring |
| BS620 | Tissue Engineering | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Cell Culture Techniques, Scaffold Design and Fabrication, Growth Factors and Signaling, Regenerative Medicine Principles, Tissue Regeneration Strategies |
| BS621 | Regenerative Medicine | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Stem Cell Biology for Regeneration, Gene Therapy Approaches, Tissue Repair and Remodeling, Organ Transplantation Alternatives, Clinical Applications and Ethics |
| BS622 | Synthetic Biology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Design Principles of Synthetic Circuits, Genetic Part Libraries, Synthetic Pathways Engineering, Chassis Organism Development, Bio-production and Bioremediation |
| BS623 | Drug Design and Discovery | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Target Identification and Validation, Lead Discovery and Optimization, QSAR and Molecular Docking, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, Pre-clinical Drug Development |
| BS624 | Advanced Toxicology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Mechanisms of Toxicity, Toxicokinetics and Toxicodynamics, Risk Assessment Principles, Environmental and Occupational Toxicology, Regulatory Toxicology |
| BS625 | Biological Data Analysis | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Statistical Methods for Biology, Machine Learning in Bioinformatics, Data Visualization Techniques, Omics Data Processing, R and Python for Biological Data |
| BS626 | Advanced Developmental Biology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Embryogenesis and Organogenesis, Cell Fate Determination, Pattern Formation in Development, Developmental Genetics, Stem Cells and Regeneration |
| BS627 | Cancer Biology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors, Cell Cycle and Apoptosis in Cancer, Metastasis and Angiogenesis, Cancer Diagnostics, Cancer Therapeutics |
| BS628 | Bioethics and IPR | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Ethical Principles in Research, Research Integrity and Misconduct, Intellectual Property Rights, Patenting in Biotechnology, Data Privacy and Regulations |
| BS629 | Animal Cell Technology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Animal Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Line Development, Recombinant Protein Production, Vaccine Manufacturing, Cell-based Therapies |
| BS630 | Food Biotechnology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Food Processing Technologies, Fermented Foods, Food Safety and Quality, Genetic Modification in Food, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals |
| BS631 | Industrial Biotechnology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Biorefinery Concepts, Industrial Enzymes and Their Applications, Biofuels and Bioplastics Production, Fermentation Processes for Industry, Sustainable Bioproduction |
| BS632 | Environmental Biotechnology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Bioremediation Technologies, Wastewater Treatment, Microbial Ecology in Environment, Pollution Control, Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring |
| BS633 | Stem Cell Biology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Pluripotent and Multipotent Stem Cells, Stem Cell Differentiation, Cell Reprogramming, Therapeutic Applications of Stem Cells, Ethical Issues in Stem Cell Research |
| BS634 | Biosafety and Regulations | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Risk Assessment in Biotechnology, Containment Levels and Practices, Genetically Modified Organism Regulations, Ethical Guidelines in Research, Laboratory Safety Protocols |
| BS635 | Medical Microbiology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Pathogenic Bacteria and Viruses, Fungal and Parasitic Infections, Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Public Health Microbiology |
| BS636 | Advanced Clinical Research | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Study Design and Methodology, Phases of Clinical Trials, Data Management and Analysis, Regulatory Compliance (GCP, ICH), Ethical Review Boards |
| BS637 | Systems Biology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Network Inference and Modeling, Flux Balance Analysis, Kinetic Modeling of Biological Pathways, Omics Data Integration, Synthetic Biology Applications |
| BS638 | Computational Biology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Algorithms for Sequence Analysis, Protein Structure Prediction, Gene Expression Analysis, Biological Network Modeling, Computational Drug Discovery |
| BS639 | Biomedical Imaging | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | MRI and CT Scan Principles, PET and Ultrasound Imaging, Optical Imaging Techniques, Image Processing and Analysis, Diagnostic and Functional Imaging |
| BS640 | Nanobiotechnology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Nanomaterials in Biology, Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery, Nanodiagnostics and Imaging, Biosensors at Nanoscale, Nanomedicine and Toxicity |
| BS641 | Bio-MEMS | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Microfluidics and Microfabrication, Lab-on-a-Chip Devices, Micro-Biosensors, Medical Micro-Devices, Diagnostic Micro-Platforms |
| BS642 | Biomechanics | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Fluid Mechanics in Biological Systems, Solid Mechanics of Tissues, Joint and Musculoskeletal Mechanics, Orthopedic Biomechanics, Prosthetics and Orthotics |
| BS643 | Advanced Biomedical Signal Processing | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | ECG, EEG, EMG Analysis, Signal Filtering Techniques, Feature Extraction for Diagnostics, Pattern Recognition in Biosignals, Medical Device Signal Processing |
| BS644 | Biomolecular Simulation | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Molecular Dynamics Simulations, Monte Carlo Methods, Quantum Mechanics in Biochemistry, Protein Folding Simulations, Ligand Binding and Drug Design |
| BS645 | Pharmaceutical Biotechnology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Biopharmaceuticals Production, Drug Development Process, Biologics Manufacturing, Quality Control in Pharma, Regulatory Affairs for Biologics |
| BS646 | Marine Biotechnology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Marine Bioactive Compounds, Aquaculture Biotechnology, Bioremediation of Marine Pollution, Drug Discovery from Marine Organisms, Genetic Engineering in Marine Species |
| BS647 | Agricultural Biotechnology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Crop Improvement Techniques, Genetic Engineering in Plants, Pest and Disease Resistance, Nutrient Enrichment in Crops, Sustainable Agriculture |
| BS648 | Evolution and Ecology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Evolutionary Mechanisms, Population Genetics, Speciation and Biodiversity, Ecosystem Dynamics, Conservation Biology |
| BS649 | Advanced Virology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Viral Structure and Replication, Host-Virus Interactions, Antiviral Drugs, Vaccine Development, Emerging Viral Diseases |
| BS650 | Parasitology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Parasitic Infections, Life Cycles of Parasites, Host-Parasite Interactions, Diagnosis and Treatment of Parasites, Vector Control Strategies |
| BS651 | Microbial Genetics | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Bacterial Genetics, Plasmids and Transposons, Gene Regulation in Microbes, Horizontal Gene Transfer, Mutation and Recombination |
| BS652 | Human Genetics | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Inheritance, Chromosomal Disorders, Complex Genetic Traits, Genetic Testing and Counseling, Gene Therapy and Personalized Medicine |
| BS653 | Genetic Engineering | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Gene Cloning Techniques, CRISPR-Cas9 System, Gene Therapy Applications, Transgenic Organisms, Ethical Considerations |
| BS654 | Biophysical Techniques | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Spectroscopy Methods (UV-Vis, Fluorescence), Calorimetry and Thermodynamics, Microscopy Techniques, Chromatography and Electrophoresis, Mass Spectrometry |
| BS655 | Biofluid Mechanics | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Blood Flow Dynamics, Respiratory Mechanics, Lymphatic System Flow, Microcirculation, Cardiovascular Engineering |
| BS656 | Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Cell Culture Engineering, Genetic Manipulation for Engineering, Biosensing at Cellular Level, Drug Delivery Systems, Biomechanical Forces on Cells |
| BS657 | Protein Engineering | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Rational Protein Design, Directed Evolution of Proteins, Enzyme Activity Modification, Protein Stability Enhancement, Novel Protein Functions |
| BS658 | Metabolic Engineering | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Metabolic Pathway Analysis, Flux Control Analysis, Strain Optimization, Bio-product Synthesis, Synthetic Biology for Metabolism |
| BS659 | Industrial Fermentation | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Microbial Growth Kinetics, Fermenter Design and Operation, Batch, Fed-batch, Continuous Fermentation, Product Recovery from Fermentation, Process Scale-up |
| BS660 | Advanced Bio-separation Technology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Chromatography Techniques, Filtration and Membrane Separations, Centrifugation and Extraction, Protein Purification Strategies, Downstream Processing Optimization |
| BS661 | Bioreactor Design | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Types of Bioreactors, Mass and Heat Transfer in Reactors, Mixing and Aeration, Sterilization Techniques, Bioreactor Control and Scale-up |
| BS662 | Clinical Nanomedicine | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery, Nanodiagnostics and Imaging, Targeted Therapy using Nanoparticles, Safety and Toxicity of Nanomaterials, Clinical Translation of Nanomedicine |
| BS663 | Advanced Glycobiology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Glycan Structure and Biosynthesis, Protein Glycosylation, Cell-Cell Recognition, Role of Glycans in Disease, Glycomics Techniques |
| BS664 | Structural Bioinformatics | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Protein Structure Prediction, Molecular Docking, Homology Modeling, Structural Databases, Drug Discovery using Structure |
| BS665 | Biological Databases | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | NCBI, UniProt, PDB, KEGG Pathway Database, Genome Browsers, Data Retrieval and Mining, Bioinformatics Tools and Platforms |
| BS666 | Next Generation Sequencing | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Principles of NGS, Library Preparation, NGS Data Analysis, RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq, Whole Genome Sequencing Applications |
| BS667 | Genome Editing | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | CRISPR-Cas9 System, TALENs and ZFNs, Applications in Gene Therapy, Functional Genomics, Ethical Considerations |
| BS668 | Molecular Diagnostics | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | PCR and qPCR, Immunoassays, Biosensors for Diagnostics, Genetic Testing, Infectious Disease and Cancer Detection |
| BS669 | Drug Delivery Systems | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery, Liposomes and Polymeric Systems, Controlled Release Formulations, Targeted Drug Delivery, Drug Formulation and Characterization |
| BS670 | Gene Therapy | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Viral and Non-viral Vectors, Gene Editing for Therapy, Applications in Genetic Diseases, Ethical Issues, Clinical Trials of Gene Therapy |
| BS671 | Biosafety Level 3 Operations | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Containment Principles, BSL-3 Facility Design, Operational Procedures, Risk Management, Emergency Response |
| BS672 | Advanced Vaccine Technology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Vaccine Types and Design, Adjuvants and Delivery Systems, Immune Responses to Vaccines, Novel Vaccine Strategies, Vaccine Development and Production |
| BS673 | Immunoinformatics | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Epitope Prediction, Vaccine Design using Informatics, Immune Repertoire Analysis, MHC Binding Prediction, Immunological Sequence Analysis |
| BS674 | Chemoinformatics | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Chemical Databases, Molecular Descriptors, QSAR Modeling, Virtual Screening, Drug-likeness and ADMET Prediction |
| BS675 | Advanced Proteomics | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Mass Spectrometry in Proteomics, 2D-PAGE and Electrophoresis, Protein Identification and Quantification, Post-translational Modifications, Protein-Protein Interactions |
| BS676 | Metabolomics | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Metabolite Profiling, Analytical Techniques (NMR, MS), Metabolomics Data Analysis, Metabolic Pathway Analysis, Biomarker Discovery |
| BS677 | Microbiome Engineering | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Human Gut Microbiome, Synthetic Microbial Communities, Probiotics and Prebiotics, Therapeutic Applications, Environmental Microbiome Engineering |
| BS678 | Synthetic Biology Applications | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Biofuel Production, Biosensors and Diagnostics, Therapeutic Synthetic Biology, Advanced Biomaterials, Environmental Remediation |
| BS679 | Advanced Synthetic Biology Lab | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Genetic Circuit Construction, Metabolic Pathway Engineering, High-throughput Screening, Cell-free Protein Synthesis, Bio-sensor Development |
| BS680 | Directed Evolution | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Mutagenesis Techniques, High-throughput Screening Methods, Library Construction, Enzyme Engineering, Protein Property Improvement |
| BS681 | Bioprocess Control | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Sensors and Actuators in Bioprocesses, Control Loops and Strategies, Bioprocess Optimization, Real-time Monitoring, Process Automation |
| BS682 | Advanced Food Processing | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Novel Food Technologies, Food Preservation Methods, Food Quality Control, Food Additives and Ingredients, Food Safety Management |
| BS683 | Functional Foods | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Prebiotics and Probiotics, Antioxidants in Food, Nutrient Delivery Systems, Health Benefits of Functional Foods, Product Development |
| BS684 | Nutraceuticals | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Bioactive Compounds, Health Supplements, Pharmaceutical Properties, Extraction and Formulation, Regulatory Aspects |
| BS685 | Advanced Biostatistics Lab | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Statistical Software (R, SPSS), Data Visualization, Advanced Hypothesis Testing, Regression Analysis, Experimental Design Implementation |
| BS686 | Machine Learning for Biosciences | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Supervised and Unsupervised Learning, Deep Learning Fundamentals, Bioinformatics Applications, Drug Discovery with ML, Biomedical Data Analysis |
| BS687 | Deep Learning for Biosciences | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Neural Networks Architectures, Convolutional Neural Networks, Recurrent Neural Networks, Image Analysis in Biology, Sequence Analysis with Deep Learning |
| BS688 | AI in Healthcare | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Diagnostic AI Systems, Predictive Analytics in Medicine, AI in Drug Development, Personalized Medicine, Ethical AI in Healthcare |
| BS689 | Digital Health Technologies | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Wearable Health Devices, Mobile Health Applications, Telemedicine Platforms, Electronic Health Records, IoT in Healthcare |
| BS690 | Medical Device Design | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Design Principles for Medical Devices, Biomaterials in Devices, Regulatory Approval Process, Prototyping and Testing, Clinical Evaluation |
| BS691 | Regulatory Affairs in Biotechnology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | FDA and CDSCO Regulations, Product Development Lifecycle, Clinical Trials Regulations, Quality Systems (GLP, GMP), Compliance and Audits |
| BS692 | Entrepreneurship in Biotechnology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Business Planning for Biotech Startups, Funding and Venture Capital, Market Analysis in Biotech, Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property Strategy |
| BS693 | Biological Big Data | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Data Storage and Retrieval, High-throughput Data Processing, Cloud Computing for Biology, High-performance Computing, Biological Data Visualization |
| BS694 | Advanced Imaging Techniques | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Confocal Microscopy, Super-resolution Microscopy, Live-cell Imaging, Image Analysis Algorithms, Advanced Fluorescence Techniques |
| BS695 | Optical Microscopy | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Brightfield Microscopy, Phase Contrast Microscopy, Fluorescence Microscopy, Differential Interference Contrast (DIC), Image Acquisition and Processing |
| BS696 | Electron Microscopy | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Sample Preparation Techniques, Image Interpretation, Structural Analysis |
| BS697 | Flow Cytometry | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | Principles of Flow Cytometry, Cell Sorting, Immunophenotyping, Apoptosis Detection, Flow Cytometry Data Analysis |
| BS698 | Mass Spectrometry in Biology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | MS Principles and Instrumentation, Proteomics Applications, Metabolomics Applications, Quantitative Analysis, Structural Elucidation |
| BS699 | NMR Spectroscopy in Biology | Elective | 3-4 (typical) | NMR Principles, Protein Structure and Dynamics, Ligand Binding Studies, Metabolomics using NMR, Macromolecular Interactions |
| BS701 | Research Methodology in Biosciences | Core | 3-4 (typical) | Scientific Writing and Presentation, Experimental Design and Data Analysis, Literature Review Strategies, Ethical Considerations in Research, Grant Writing and Funding |
| BS702 | Scientific Writing and Communication | Core | 3-4 (typical) | Manuscript Preparation, Effective Presentation Skills, Peer Review Process, Publication Ethics, Grant Proposal Development |
