B-OPTOM in General at Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Udupi, Karnataka
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About the Specialization
What is General at Manipal Academy of Higher Education Udupi?
This Bachelor of Optometry (B.Optom) program at Manipal Academy of Higher Education focuses on training skilled primary eye care professionals. It encompasses the diagnosis, management, and treatment of various ocular conditions and refractive errors. The program emphasizes a strong foundation in visual science, clinical skills, and patient care, meeting the growing demand for qualified optometrists across urban and rural India.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for fresh 10+2 science graduates with a keen interest in healthcare, visual sciences, and patient interaction. It also suits individuals seeking a stable and impactful career in the medical allied health sector. Aspiring professionals who wish to work independently or as part of a larger ophthalmology team, contributing directly to public eye health in India, will find this program rewarding.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates of this program can expect diverse career paths in India, including working as clinical optometrists in hospitals, private clinics, optical retail chains, or even establishing their own practice. Entry-level salaries typically range from INR 3-5 LPA, with experienced professionals earning significantly more. The program prepares students for roles in vision care, contact lens specialization, low vision rehabilitation, and community eye health initiatives.
Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Master Basic Anatomical and Physiological Concepts- (Semester 1-2)
Focus on thoroughly understanding general and ocular anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry. Utilize diagrams, models, and interactive apps like Visible Body to visualize complex structures and functions. Regularly review concepts with peers through study groups.
Tools & Resources
Visible Body, Anatomy.tv, Standard textbooks, Peer study groups
Career Connection
A strong foundation is crucial for accurate diagnosis and understanding of ocular diseases, enabling effective patient communication in clinical settings.
Develop Effective Communication and Observation Skills- (Semester 1-2)
Actively participate in communication skills classes, focusing on patient interviewing techniques and empathetic listening. Practice observing subtle signs in simulated clinical scenarios. Engage in role-playing to enhance patient interaction and history-taking abilities.
Tools & Resources
Role-playing exercises, Communication workshops, Observation journals
Career Connection
Excellent communication builds patient trust and facilitates accurate diagnosis, essential for a successful optometry career.
Build a Strong Foundation in Physical & Geometrical Optics- (Semester 1-2)
Dedicate significant time to understanding the principles of light, lenses, and optical systems. Solve numerous numerical problems from textbooks and online resources. Utilize optics simulation software to visualize ray tracing and image formation.
Tools & Resources
Optics simulation software (e.g., OSLO Edu), Online physics problem sets, Concept videos
Career Connection
A deep understanding of optics is fundamental for prescribing corrective lenses, designing optical aids, and operating ophthalmic instruments effectively.
Intermediate Stage
Engage Actively in Clinical Optometry Practicals- (Semester 3-5)
Maximize hands-on experience in the clinical labs, practicing refraction, slit lamp examination, ophthalmoscopy, and tonometry. Seek opportunities for extra practice and observe senior students or clinicians. Document every procedure and patient interaction thoroughly.
Tools & Resources
Clinical labs, Observation sessions, Patient simulation models, Dedicated logbooks
Career Connection
Proficient clinical skills are the backbone of optometric practice, directly impacting patient care quality and career advancement.
Deep Dive into Ocular Diseases and Their Management- (Semester 4-5)
Supplement textbook knowledge with clinical case studies and discussions. Attend guest lectures by ophthalmologists and experienced optometrists to understand real-world disease presentations and management protocols. Participate in journal clubs to stay updated on new research.
Tools & Resources
Ocular disease atlases, Clinical case presentations, Professional journals, Guest lectures
Career Connection
Comprehensive knowledge of ocular diseases enables accurate diagnosis, co-management with ophthalmologists, and effective patient counseling, leading to better patient outcomes.
Explore Specializations through Electives and Workshops- (Semester 4-5)
Identify areas of interest like contact lenses, low vision, or binocular vision and actively seek out workshops or short courses. Network with professionals in these specialized fields. Start a small project or literature review on your chosen area.
Tools & Resources
Specialty workshops, Professional conferences, Online courses (e.g., Alcon Eye Care Academy), LinkedIn
Career Connection
Early exposure and focus on a sub-specialty can open doors to niche career opportunities and advanced roles in India''''s diverse eye care sector.
Advanced Stage
Excel in Internship and Clinical Rotations- (Semester 6 and 4th year Internship)
Treat the internship as a professional job. Take initiative, seek out challenging cases, and actively participate in patient management discussions. Build relationships with mentors and colleagues. Maintain meticulous patient records and reflect on daily learning.
Tools & Resources
Internship handbook, Clinical mentors, Patient management software, Daily reflection journal
Career Connection
A stellar internship performance is crucial for securing placement offers, building a professional network, and gaining confidence for independent practice.
Develop Research and Analytical Skills- (Semester 6)
Focus diligently on the project/dissertation, applying research methodologies and statistical analysis. Present findings clearly and concisely. Participate in relevant research conferences or write articles for student publications to hone presentation skills.
Tools & Resources
Research mentors, Statistical software (e.g., SPSS, R), Academic writing guides, University research workshops
Career Connection
Strong research skills are valuable for evidence-based practice, contributing to public health initiatives, and pursuing higher education or academic careers.
Prepare for Professional Licensure and Career Launch- (Semester 6 and Post-graduation)
Understand the regulatory requirements for practicing optometry in India. Attend career fairs, refine your resume and interview skills. Network with alumni and established optometrists to explore job opportunities and potential practice setups.
Tools & Resources
Professional bodies websites (e.g., Optometry Council of India), Career services, Alumni network, Online job portals
Career Connection
Proactive career planning ensures a smooth transition from academics to professional practice, setting the stage for a successful and fulfilling career in optometry.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- Pass in 10+2 or equivalent with Physics, Chemistry, English and Biology/Mathematics as optional subjects with minimum of 45% aggregate marks. Minimum age of 17 years as on 31st December of the admission year.
Duration: 4 years (3 academic years + 1 year compulsory internship)
Credits: 156 (for 3 academic years) Credits
Assessment: Internal: 40%, External: 60%
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BO101 | General Anatomy | Core | 4 | General Anatomy Principles, Musculoskeletal System, Nervous System Overview, Endocrine System, Regional Anatomy |
| BO102 | General Physiology | Core | 4 | Cell Physiology, Blood and Body Fluids, Cardiovascular System, Respiratory System, Renal System, Gastrointestinal System |
| BO103 | General Biochemistry | Core | 4 | Biomolecules, Enzymes, Metabolism of Carbohydrates, Metabolism of Lipids, Metabolism of Proteins, Molecular Biology |
| BO104 | Physical Optics | Core | 4 | Nature of Light, Interference, Diffraction, Polarization, Optical Instruments, Fibre Optics |
| BO105 | Geometrical Optics I | Core | 4 | Light and Its Properties, Reflection and Refraction, Lenses and Prisms, Spherical Aberrations, Image Formation, Optical Systems |
| BO106 | Computer Fundamentals | Core | 3 | Computer Hardware, Software Concepts, Operating Systems, Microsoft Office Applications, Internet and Networking Basics, Data Security |
| BO107 | Communication Skills | Core | 4 | English Grammar, Listening and Speaking, Written Communication, Presentation Skills, Interpersonal Communication, Professional Ethics |
Semester 2
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BO201 | Ocular Anatomy | Core | 4 | Anatomy of Orbit, Eyelids, Lacrimal System, Extraocular Muscles, Globe and its Layers, Blood Supply and Innervation of Eye |
| BO202 | Ocular Physiology | Core | 4 | Physiology of Vision, Aqueous Humor Dynamics, Retinal Physiology, Ocular Motility, Visual Pathway, Pupillary Reflexes |
| BO203 | Ocular Biochemistry | Core | 4 | Biochemistry of Cornea, Lens, Retina, Visual Pigments, Tears, Ocular Metabolism |
| BO204 | Ophthalmic & Dispensing Optics I | Core | 4 | Lens Materials, Lens Forms, Surfacing and Polishing, Spectacle Frame Materials, Frame Design, Dispensing Principles |
| BO205 | Geometrical Optics II | Core | 4 | Aberrations, Magnification, Anamorphic Lenses, Cylindrical Lenses, Prismatic Effects, Ray Tracing |
| BO206 | General & Ocular Microbiology | Core | 3 | Basic Microbiology, Sterilization, Disinfection, Ocular Infections, Bacterial and Viral Ocular Diseases, Fungal and Parasitic Ocular Diseases |
| BO207 | Environmental Science & Public Health | Core | 3 | Environmental Pollution, Ecosystems, Global Environmental Issues, Occupational Health, Public Health Principles, Epidemiology |
Semester 3
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BO301 | Systemic Pharmacology | Core | 4 | General Pharmacology, Autonomic Nervous System Drugs, Cardiovascular Drugs, Anti-infective Agents, Analgesics, Anti-inflammatory Drugs |
| BO302 | Ocular Pharmacology | Core | 4 | Ocular Drug Delivery, Mydriatics and Cycloplegics, Miotic Drugs, Anti-glaucoma Drugs, Ocular Anesthetics, Ocular Anti-infectives |
| BO303 | Ophthalmic & Dispensing Optics II | Core | 4 | Progressive Lenses, Bifocal Lenses, High-Index Lenses, Coatings, Tinting, Sports Vision Eyewear |
| BO304 | Optometric Instruments | Core | 4 | Vision Charts, Retinoscope, Ophthalmoscope, Slit Lamp, Keratometer, Tonometers |
| BO305 | Visual Optics | Core | 4 | Anatomy of Eye as Optical System, Reduced Eye, Scheiner''''s Principle, Accommodation, Presbyopia, Aphakia, Pseudophakia |
| BO306 | Ophthalmic Epidemiology & Biostatistics | Core | 3 | Introduction to Epidemiology, Measures of Disease Frequency, Study Designs, Sampling, Data Analysis, Statistical Tests |
| BO307 | Clinical Optometry I | Core Practical | 3 | History Taking, Visual Acuity Measurement, Ocular Motility Assessment, Pupillary Examination, External Eye Examination, Basic Refraction |
Semester 4
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BO401 | Systemic Disease & Eye | Core | 4 | Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, Thyroid Disorders, Autoimmune Diseases, Neurological Disorders, Genetic Syndromes affecting Eye |
| BO402 | Pathology | Core | 4 | General Pathology, Cellular Injury, Inflammation, Healing and Repair, Neoplasia, Systemic Pathology |
| BO403 | Ocular Diseases I | Core | 4 | Conjunctival Diseases, Corneal Diseases, Scleral Diseases, Uveitis, Lens Opacities, Glaucoma |
| BO404 | Binocular Vision | Core | 4 | Sensory and Motor Fusion, Stereopsis, Retinal Correspondence, Accommodation and Vergence, Amblyopia, Strabismus |
| BO405 | Contact Lens I | Core | 4 | Contact Lens Materials, Lens Designs, Fitting Philosophies, Care and Maintenance, Patient Education, Complications |
| BO406 | Refraction | Core | 3 | Subjective Refraction, Objective Refraction, Cycloplegic Refraction, Prescribing Principles, Special Refraction Techniques, Low Vision Refraction |
| BO407 | Clinical Optometry II | Core Practical | 3 | Advanced Refraction, Keratometry, Slit Lamp Examination, Ophthalmoscopy, Gonioscopy, Tonometry |
Semester 5
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BO501 | Ocular Diseases II | Core | 4 | Retinal Detachment, Macular Diseases, Optic Neuropathies, Neuro-ophthalmology, Ocular Trauma, Ocular Oncology |
| BO502 | Low Vision Aids | Core | 4 | Definition of Low Vision, Causes of Low Vision, Magnification Principles, Optical Low Vision Devices, Non-Optical Low Vision Devices, Rehabilitation Strategies |
| BO503 | Contact Lens II | Core | 4 | Specialty Contact Lenses, RGP Lenses, Toric Lenses, Bifocal/Multifocal Lenses, Therapeutic Contact Lenses, Orthokeratology |
| BO504 | Pediatric Optometry | Core | 4 | Pediatric Eye Examination, Refractive Errors in Children, Amblyopia Management, Strabismus Management, Vision Screening, Congenital Ocular Anomalies |
| BO505 | Advanced Optometric Instruments | Core | 4 | Fundus Camera, OCT, Perimeter, Topographer, A-scan/B-scan Ultrasound, Electrophysiological Tests |
| BO506 | Clinical Optometry III | Core Practical | 3 | Contact Lens Fitting, Low Vision Assessment, Pediatric Examination, Binocular Vision Testing, Advanced Ophthalmic Procedures, Case Discussions |
| BO507 | Internship Preparation & Professional Ethics | Core | 3 | Internship Guidelines, Communication with Patients, Legal Aspects of Practice, Professional Conduct, Ethical Dilemmas, Career Planning |
Semester 6
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BO601 | Public Health & Community Optometry | Core | 4 | Public Health Systems, Blindness Prevention Programs, Eye Camps, Vision Screening Programs, Ocular Morbidity, Health Education |
| BO602 | Geriatric Optometry | Core | 4 | Age-Related Ocular Changes, Common Geriatric Eye Diseases, Prescribing for Elderly, Low Vision in Elderly, Communication with Elderly Patients, Falls Prevention |
| BO603 | Occupational Optometry | Core | 4 | Occupational Vision Standards, Computer Vision Syndrome, Ocular Trauma in Workplace, Protective Eyewear, Ergonomics, Industrial Vision Screening |
| BO604 | Practice Management | Core | 4 | Clinic Setup, Financial Management, Marketing Strategies, Human Resources, Legal and Regulatory Aspects, Patient Management |
| BO605 | Project/Dissertation | Core Project | 6 | Research Methodology, Literature Review, Data Collection, Statistical Analysis, Report Writing, Presentation Skills |
| BO606 | Clinical Optometry IV | Core Practical | 3 | Advanced Case Management, Therapeutic Contact Lenses, Orthokeratology, Vision Therapy, Specialty Clinics, Grand Rounds |