B-PHARM in General at Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Udupi, Karnataka
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About the Specialization
What is General at Manipal Academy of Higher Education Udupi?
This B.Pharm program at Manipal Academy of Higher Education offers a comprehensive curriculum in pharmaceutical sciences, spanning from drug discovery and development to clinical application and patient counseling. It is meticulously designed to meet the dynamic needs of the Indian healthcare and pharmaceutical industries, which demand highly skilled professionals. The program distinguishes itself through its blend of theoretical knowledge, practical skills, and research exposure, preparing students for diverse roles.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for ambitious 10+2 science graduates who possess a strong foundation in Physics, Chemistry, and Biology/Mathematics and are passionate about contributing to public health and drug innovation. It also caters to individuals aspiring to build careers in pharmaceutical manufacturing, quality control, research and development, regulatory affairs, or community and hospital pharmacy in India. A scientific aptitude and a commitment to lifelong learning are crucial for success.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates of this program can anticipate a wide array of career opportunities within India''''s thriving pharmaceutical sector. Potential roles include drug safety associate, production pharmacist, research scientist, regulatory affairs executive, or clinical pharmacist. Entry-level salaries for B.Pharm graduates typically range from INR 3 to 5 LPA, with experienced professionals commanding INR 8 to 15+ LPA, depending on the sector and specialization. The curriculum is designed to align with various professional certifications, fostering significant growth trajectories.
Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Master Core Scientific Principles- (Semester 1-2)
Dedicate significant effort to grasping fundamental concepts across subjects like Human Anatomy and Physiology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, and Inorganic Chemistry. These subjects form the indispensable knowledge base for your entire B.Pharm journey. Actively participate in all practical sessions to solidify theoretical understanding through hands-on experience and develop core laboratory skills.
Tools & Resources
Standard textbooks (e.g., K.D. Tripathi for Pharmacology basics), comprehensive lab manuals, forming peer study groups, utilizing online educational platforms like Khan Academy for foundational science topics.
Career Connection
A strong understanding of fundamentals is crucial for problem-solving in pharmaceutical R&D, quality control, and ensures a solid base for future specialized learning and higher studies.
Cultivate Robust Study Habits and Time Management- (Semester 1-2)
Implement a disciplined study schedule and employ active learning techniques such as spaced repetition and self-quizzing to enhance knowledge retention. Join academic clubs or create small, focused study groups to discuss complex topics. Develop effective time management skills to balance academic rigor with practical commitments and extracurricular activities.
Tools & Resources
Digital study planners (Notion, Google Calendar), flashcard applications (Anki), utilizing university library resources, seeking guidance from academic advisors or mentors for study strategies.
Career Connection
Strong study habits build discipline, critical thinking, and the ability to manage workloads efficiently, skills highly valued across all pharmaceutical industry roles and academic pursuits.
Enhance Communication and Basic Computer Proficiency- (Semester 1-2)
Actively engage in communication skills workshops, debates, and presentations to improve verbal and written communication. Simultaneously, become proficient in essential computer applications like MS Office (Word, Excel, PowerPoint) and learn basic data management. These skills are vital for academic tasks and future professional responsibilities.
Tools & Resources
University language labs, Toastmasters International chapters (if available), NPTEL courses on communication skills, online tutorials for Microsoft Office and basic database usage.
Career Connection
Effective communication is paramount for patient counseling, professional interactions, and presenting research. Computer literacy is fundamental for data handling, report generation, and navigating digital tools in modern pharmacy.
Intermediate Stage
Deepen Understanding of Core Pharmaceutical Disciplines- (Semester 3-5)
As you advance into subjects like Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Industrial Pharmacy, strive for a profound understanding of reaction mechanisms, drug-receptor interactions, and formulation science. Begin exploring contemporary research papers and review articles to broaden your perspective on these fields and identify emerging trends.
Tools & Resources
Accessing scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus), specialized textbooks (e.g., Foye''''s Medicinal Chemistry), joining student chapters of professional bodies like the Indian Pharmaceutical Association (IPA) for seminars.
Career Connection
This deeper knowledge is indispensable for roles in drug synthesis, formulation development, pharmacovigilance, and clinical research, forming the basis for impactful contributions to pharmaceutical innovation.
Actively Pursue Practical Exposure and Internships- (Semester 3-5)
Proactively seek out short-term internships, summer training, or research projects in pharmaceutical manufacturing units, hospitals, research institutions, or quality control laboratories. This hands-on experience provides invaluable insights into real-world industry operations, regulatory compliance, and clinical practices, bridging the gap between theory and application.
Tools & Resources
Leveraging the university''''s career services and placement cell, exploring LinkedIn for internship postings, directly contacting local pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, and research facilities for opportunities.
Career Connection
Internships are crucial for building a professional network, gaining practical skills, and often lead to pre-placement offers, significantly enhancing employability and career launch prospects in India''''s competitive market.
Engage in Technical Competitions and Workshops- (Semester 3-5)
Actively participate in inter-college technical quizzes, poster presentations, and workshops focused on specialized areas such as pharmaceutical analysis, drug design, or advanced formulation techniques. This engagement allows for the practical application of theoretical knowledge, development of problem-solving skills, and networking with peers and industry experts.
Tools & Resources
Monitoring announcements from professional pharmacy associations (e.g., APTI, IPA), participating in university departmental events, attending industry-sponsored workshops and conferences.
Career Connection
Participation in such events builds confidence, demonstrates initiative, showcases expertise to potential employers, and provides valuable exposure to cutting-edge research and industry challenges.
Advanced Stage
Undertake a Comprehensive Research Project- (Semester 7-8)
Engage deeply in your final year project work, choosing a topic that aligns with your career interests and current industry trends. Conduct thorough literature reviews, meticulously design and execute experiments, analyze data rigorously, and present your findings effectively through a thesis and presentation. This project demonstrates independent research capability.
Tools & Resources
Close collaboration with faculty mentors, access to university research laboratories, utilizing specialized software for data analysis (e.g., GraphPad Prism, SPSS), academic writing and presentation guides.
Career Connection
A strong, impactful research project is a critical asset for placements in pharmaceutical R&D, pursuing higher education (M.Pharm, Ph.D.), and showcasing your ability to contribute to scientific innovation and problem-solving.
Acquire Industry-Relevant Certifications and Advanced Skills- (Semester 6-8)
Beyond the core curriculum, proactively acquire professional certifications in high-demand areas such as Pharmacovigilance, Clinical Research, Regulatory Affairs, or advanced Quality Assurance (e.g., GMP/GLP). Attend specialized workshops and webinars to stay abreast of the latest technologies and regulatory changes prevalent in the Indian pharmaceutical industry.
Tools & Resources
Online platforms offering specialized courses (e.g., NIPER distance learning, Coursera, Udemy), industry certification bodies, professional society events, and workshops offered by pharmaceutical companies.
Career Connection
These specialized certifications significantly enhance your employability and competitiveness for niche roles within the Indian and global pharmaceutical sectors, demonstrating a commitment to advanced professional development.
Focus on Placement Preparation and Strategic Networking- (Semester 7-8)
Actively engage with the university''''s placement cell, participate diligently in mock interviews, group discussions, and aptitude tests. Refine your resume and cover letter to highlight your skills and experiences effectively. Network strategically with alumni and industry professionals through conferences, seminars, and platforms like LinkedIn to explore career opportunities and gain industry insights.
Tools & Resources
University placement cell resources, professional networking events (e.g., Indian Pharmaceutical Congress), LinkedIn for professional connections, online interview preparation platforms.
Career Connection
Thorough placement preparation and effective networking are paramount for securing desirable job offers from leading pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, or regulatory bodies across India, facilitating a smooth transition into your professional career.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- Pass in 10+2 / A Level / IB / American 12th Grade or equivalent with Physics, Chemistry, English and Biology / Biotechnology / Mathematics / Computer Science as optional subjects with minimum 50% marks in Physics, Chemistry and any one of the optional subjects taken together.
Duration: 8 semesters / 4 years
Credits: 192 Credits
Assessment: Internal: 25% for Theory, 50% for Practicals, External: 75% for Theory, 50% for Practicals
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PH111T | Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to Human Body, Cell and Tissues, Skeletal System and Joints, Haemopoetic System, Muscle System and Nervous System |
| PH111P | Human Anatomy and Physiology I - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Study of human skeleton and bones, Microscopic studies of tissues, Experiments on blood physiology, Identification of various systems using models |
| PH112T | Pharmaceutical Analysis I - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Fundamentals of pharmaceutical analysis, Errors in quantitative analysis, Acid-base titrations, Non-aqueous titrations, Precipitation and complexometric titrations |
| PH112P | Pharmaceutical Analysis I - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Preparation of primary and secondary standards, Standardization of reagents, Assays of pharmaceutical raw materials, Titrimetric analysis methods |
| PH113T | Pharmaceutics I - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Historical background of pharmacy, Various dosage forms, Metrology and pharmaceutical calculations, Size reduction and size separation, Mixing, filtration, and drying techniques |
| PH113P | Pharmaceutics I - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Preparation of various dosage forms (powders, liquids), Experiments on size reduction, Filtration and drying processes |
| PH114T | Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Impurities in pharmaceutical substances, Limit tests for heavy metals, Major intra and extracellular electrolytes, Dental products and gastrointestinal agents, Topical agents and pharmaceutical gases |
| PH114P | Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Limit tests for chlorides, sulfates, iron, Assays of selected inorganic compounds, Preparation of inorganic pharmaceuticals |
| PH115T | Communication Skills | Core Theory | 2 | Introduction to communication, Barriers to effective communication, Listening skills and public speaking, Group discussion techniques, Presentation skills |
| PH116T | Remedial Biology - Theory | Remedial Theory | 2 | Introduction to biology and cell structure, Plant and animal kingdom classification, Human anatomy: digestive system, Human anatomy: respiratory and circulatory systems |
| PH116P | Remedial Biology - Practical | Remedial Practical | 1 | Microscopic study of plant and animal cells, Identification of common organisms, Dissection of plant/animal parts |
| PH116RMT | Remedial Mathematics - Theory | Remedial Theory | 2 | Partial fractions and logarithms, Functions, limits, and continuity, Differentiation techniques, Integration methods, Matrices and determinants |
Semester 2
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PH121T | Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Endocrine System, Cardiovascular System, Lymphatic and Urinary System, Reproductive System, Sense Organs |
| PH121P | Human Anatomy and Physiology II - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Microscopic study of endocrine glands, Blood pressure and ECG recording, Urine analysis and kidney function, Study of sense organs models |
| PH122T | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Classification of organic compounds, Nomenclature and isomerism, Mechanisms of organic reactions, Stereoisomerism, Alkyl halides, alcohols, phenols, ethers |
| PH122P | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry I - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Laboratory techniques in organic chemistry, Preparation of simple organic compounds, Qualitative analysis of organic functional groups |
| PH123T | Biochemistry - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, Nucleic acids and enzymes, Vitamins and minerals, Bioenergetics, Major metabolic pathways |
| PH123P | Biochemistry - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Qualitative and quantitative analysis of biomolecules, Enzyme activity determination, Clinical urine analysis |
| PH124T | Pathophysiology - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Basic principles of cell injury and adaptation, Inflammation and tissue repair, Immunological disorders, Pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases, Respiratory, renal, and hepatic diseases |
| PH125T | Computer Applications in Pharmacy - Theory | Core Theory | 3 | Introduction to computers and operating systems, Word processing and spreadsheet applications, Presentation software, Internet and email usage, Database management systems and bioinformatics basics |
| PH125P | Computer Applications in Pharmacy - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Hands-on experience with MS Office Suite, Internet navigation and search techniques, Basic database operations, Introduction to pharmaceutical software |
| PH126T | Environmental Sciences | Core Theory | 2 | Natural resources and ecosystems, Biodiversity and its conservation, Environmental pollution (air, water, soil), Social issues and the environment, Human population and health |
Semester 3
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PH131T | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Aromatic compounds and their reactions, Carbonyl compounds (aldehydes and ketones), Carboxylic acids and their derivatives, Amines and diazonium salts, Heterocyclic compounds and pericyclic reactions |
| PH131P | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry II - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Multi-step organic syntheses, Identification of organic compounds based on functional groups |
| PH132T | Physical Pharmaceutics I - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | States of matter and phase equilibria, Thermodynamics principles, Colligative properties of solutions, Solubility and distribution phenomena, Complexation, protein binding, pH and buffers |
| PH132P | Physical Pharmaceutics I - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Determination of solubility, pH measurement and buffer preparation, Study of complexation and protein binding |
| PH133T | Pharmaceutical Microbiology - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to microbiology and taxonomy, Classification of microbes (bacteria, fungi, viruses), Sterilization and disinfection methods, Antibiotics and microbial assays, Basic immunology and vaccines |
| PH133P | Pharmaceutical Microbiology - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Staining techniques and microscopic examination, Bacterial culture methods, Sterilization validation and microbial limit tests, Antibiotic sensitivity testing |
| PH134T | Pharmaceutical Engineering - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Fluid flow and material handling, Heat transfer mechanisms, Evaporation and distillation processes, Drying, size reduction, size separation, Filtration, centrifugation, materials of construction |
| PH134P | Pharmaceutical Engineering - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Experiments on fluid flow and heat transfer, Size reduction and filtration techniques, Drying process demonstrations, Operation of pharmaceutical equipment |
Semester 4
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PH141T | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Chemistry of alkaloids and terpenoids, Steroids and carbohydrates, Amino acids, peptides, proteins, Advanced heterocyclic chemistry |
| PH141P | Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry III - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Synthesis of important drug intermediates, Spectroscopic analysis of organic compounds (IR, UV) |
| PH142T | Medicinal Chemistry I - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to medicinal chemistry, Drug discovery and development, Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR), General anesthetics, sedatives-hypnotics, anxiolytics, Anticonvulsants, antipsychotics, antidepressants, NSAIDs |
| PH143T | Physical Pharmaceutics II - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Colloidal dispersions and their properties, Rheology of pharmaceutical systems, Coarse dispersions (suspensions, emulsions), Interfacial phenomena and adsorption, Kinetics and drug stability, micromeritics |
| PH143P | Physical Pharmaceutics II - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Preparation and evaluation of suspensions and emulsions, Rheological studies of various systems, Dissolution rate studies of solid dosage forms |
| PH144T | Pharmacology I - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | General pharmacology principles, Drugs acting on Autonomic Nervous System (ANS), Drugs acting on Central Nervous System (CNS), Cardiovascular system drugs, Drugs affecting blood and blood formation |
| PH144P | Pharmacology I - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Common laboratory animals and handling, Routes of drug administration, Bioassays of various drugs, Experiments on isolated tissues |
| PH145T | Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry I - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to pharmacognosy and its scope, Classification of crude drugs, Quality control of herbal drugs, Study of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, Volatile oils, resins, and tannins |
| PH145P | Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry I - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Macroscopic and microscopic evaluation of crude drugs, Chemical tests for identification of active constituents |
Semester 5
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PH151T | Medicinal Chemistry II - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Cholinergic and anticholinergic agents, Adrenergic and anti-adrenergic agents, Local anesthetics and skeletal muscle relaxants, Diuretics and antihypertensives, Antianginal, antiarrhythmic, hypolipidemic agents |
| PH152T | Pharmacology II - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Autacoids and their pharmacology, Drugs acting on respiratory system, Gastrointestinal and renal system drugs, Hormones and related drugs, Chemotherapy (antimicrobial, anticancer) |
| PH152P | Pharmacology II - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Experiments on isolated tissues for drug action, Study of drug effects on various animal models |
| PH153T | Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry II - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Glycosides and their properties, Alkaloids and terpenoids, Steroids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, Isolation of phytoconstituents, Characterization of phytoconstituents |
| PH153P | Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry II - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Extraction and isolation techniques for phytoconstituents, Identification of phytoconstituents, Chromatographic techniques (TLC, paper chromatography) |
| PH154T | Industrial Pharmacy I - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Preformulation studies, Manufacturing of tablets and capsules, Formulation of liquid orals, Parenteral and ophthalmic products, Dermatological and other semi-solid preparations |
| PH154P | Industrial Pharmacy I - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Formulation and evaluation of tablets, Preparation of capsules and liquid orals, Formulation of semisolid dosage forms |
| PH155T | Pharmaceutical Jurisprudence - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Pharmaceutical ethics and code of conduct, Pharmacy Act, 1948, Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules, Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, Drug Price Control Order and Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act |
Semester 6
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PH161T | Medicinal Chemistry III - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Anti-infective agents (antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals), Antimalarials and antitubercular agents, Anticancer agents and diagnostic agents, Steroids and their analogs, Vitamins and hormones |
| PH161P | Medicinal Chemistry III - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Synthesis of important medicinal agents, Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR), Molecular modelling studies |
| PH162T | Pharmacology III - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Chemotherapy (antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal), Antimalarial, antiprotozoal, anthelmintic drugs, Anticancer drugs and immunopharmacology, Principles of toxicology and drug poisoning |
| PH162P | Pharmacology III - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Toxicity studies (acute, sub-acute), Drug-drug interactions, Pharmacovigilance concepts, Advanced animal experiments |
| PH163T | Herbal Drug Technology - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Herbal formulations and dosage forms, Extraction and isolation methods for herbals, Standardization of herbal drugs, Cultivation, collection, and processing of medicinal plants, Good agricultural practices and patenting of herbal products |
| PH164T | Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Drug absorption mechanisms, Drug distribution, metabolism, and excretion, Bioavailability and bioequivalence, Pharmacokinetic models, Design of dosage regimens |
| PH164P | Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | In vitro dissolution studies, Pharmacokinetic data analysis using software, Simulation exercises for drug disposition |
| PH165T | Pharmaceutical Biotechnology - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Recombinant DNA technology, Immunology and applications in pharmacy, Vaccines and monoclonal antibodies, Gene therapy and protein engineering, Enzyme biotechnology and microbial fermentation |
| PH166T | Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Concepts of quality assurance and quality control, Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), Validation principles (process, analytical, cleaning), Quality audit, ISO 9000 and 14000, calibration |
Semester 7
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PH171T | Instrumental Methods of Analysis - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | UV-Visible and IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy and Mass spectrometry, Flame photometry and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS), Gas Chromatography (GC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) |
| PH171P | Instrumental Methods of Analysis - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Operation of UV, IR instruments, HPLC and GC data interpretation and analysis, Calibration of instruments |
| PH172T | Industrial Pharmacy II - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Advanced solid dosage forms, Novel drug delivery systems (NDDS), Pilot plant scale-up techniques, Technology transfer in pharmaceuticals, Packaging materials and their selection |
| PH172P | Industrial Pharmacy II - Practical | Core Practical | 1 | Design and evaluation of novel drug delivery systems, Stability studies of pharmaceutical products, Scale-up considerations |
| PH173T | Pharmacy Practice - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Hospital pharmacy services, Community pharmacy setup and operations, Clinical pharmacy concepts, Drug information services, Patient counseling and medication adherence |
| PH174T | Pharmacovigilance - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Basic concepts of pharmacovigilance, Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) and reporting, Causality assessment and signal detection, Safety reporting and pharmacovigilance legislation |
| PH175T | Quality Control and Standardization of Herbals - Theory | Elective Theory | 4 | General methods of quality control for herbals, WHO guidelines for herbal drugs, Analytical methods for herbal drug evaluation, Adulteration and substitution of herbal drugs, Stability testing of herbal products |
| PH176T | Novel Drug Delivery Systems - Theory | Elective Theory | 4 | Controlled drug delivery systems, Nanoparticles, liposomes, niosomes, Transdermal drug delivery, Ocular, nasal, pulmonary drug delivery, Targeted drug delivery |
Semester 8
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PH181T | Biostatistics and Research Methodology - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to biostatistics and data types, Data collection, organization, and presentation, Measures of central tendency and dispersion, Probability and sampling techniques, Hypothesis testing, correlation, and regression |
| PH182T | Social and Preventive Pharmacy - Theory | Core Theory | 4 | Introduction to public health and epidemiology, Nutrition and health, Communicable and non-communicable diseases, National health programs, Health education and pharmaceutical care in public health |
| PH183T | Pharmacy Practice Seminar - Theory | Core Theory | 2 | Presentation skills for scientific discourse, Literature review and critical appraisal of scientific articles, Case study discussions, Scientific writing and ethics |
| PH184P | Project Work | Project | 10 | Research proposal writing, Experimental design and execution, Data collection and analysis, Thesis writing and presentation of findings |
| PH185T | Cosmeticology - Theory | Elective Theory | 4 | Basic ingredients in cosmetic formulations, Skin care products (creams, lotions), Hair care products (shampoos, conditioners), Oral hygiene products (toothpastes, mouthwashes), Antiperspirants, deodorants, and quality control of cosmetics |
| PH186T | Pharmacological Screening Methods - Theory | Elective Theory | 4 | Principles of pharmacological screening, Acute and chronic toxicity studies, Screening methods for CNS drugs, Screening methods for cardiovascular and respiratory drugs, Anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug screening |
| PH187T | Advanced Instrumentation Techniques - Theory | Elective Theory | 4 | Advanced chromatographic techniques (affinity, chiral), Hyphenated techniques (LC-MS, GC-MS), Capillary electrophoresis, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) |
| PH188T | Dietary Supplements and Nutraceuticals - Theory | Elective Theory | 4 | Introduction to nutraceuticals and functional foods, Prebiotics and probiotics, Vitamins, minerals, and herbal nutraceuticals, Regulatory aspects of dietary supplements, Market trends and health benefits |