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BA-LLB-HONS in General at Panjab University
Chandigarh, Chandigarh
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About the Specialization
What is General at Panjab University Chandigarh?
This BA LLB (Hons.) program at Panjab University, Chandigarh, is a comprehensive integrated five-year course designed to provide a strong foundation in both humanities and legal principles. It focuses on developing a holistic understanding of law within a broader social and political context, preparing students for diverse legal careers in India''''s evolving legal landscape. The program is tailored to meet the dynamic demands of the Indian legal industry.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for fresh graduates from 10+2 seeking entry into the legal profession directly after school. It caters to aspiring lawyers, judges, legal consultants, and those interested in public service and policy-making within India. Students with a keen interest in social justice, critical thinking, and a strong academic aptitude for both arts and law will find this course particularly rewarding, fostering comprehensive legal acumen.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates of this program can expect to pursue esteemed career paths as advocates in courts, legal advisors in corporations, public prosecutors, judicial officers, or even delve into legal academia within India. Entry-level salaries typically range from INR 3-6 lakhs per annum, with experienced professionals potentially earning INR 10-30 lakhs or more. The growth trajectories in Indian legal firms and government bodies are significant, often leading to leadership roles.
Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Master Legal Language & Concepts- (Semester 1-2)
Dedicate significant time to understanding core legal terminology, principles of legal writing, and foundational subjects like Law of Torts and Contract Law. Utilize legal dictionaries and online resources like India Kanoon for case studies. Focus on clarity and precision in written assignments.
Tools & Resources
Legal Dictionaries, India Kanoon, Bar and Bench articles
Career Connection
A strong grasp of legal language and basic principles is crucial for all legal careers, ensuring effective communication and comprehension in courtrooms and legal drafting, leading to better internship prospects.
Engage Actively in Classroom Discussions- (Semester 1-2)
Participate regularly in class discussions and debates on socio-legal issues. This helps in developing critical thinking, argumentative skills, and confidence. Form study groups to discuss complex topics and prepare for presentations, fostering peer learning.
Tools & Resources
Classroom debates, Study groups, Guest lectures by legal experts
Career Connection
Active participation enhances analytical and oral communication skills, essential for advocacy, client counseling, and excelling in moot court competitions, directly impacting future professional success.
Build Strong Research Fundamentals- (Semester 1-2)
Learn to use legal research databases effectively from an early stage. Focus on understanding how to find relevant case law, statutes, and academic articles. Regular practice with research assignments helps hone this critical skill.
Tools & Resources
Manupatra, SCC Online, LexisNexis India (if university subscribes)
Career Connection
Proficient legal research is the backbone of all legal practice. Early mastery leads to better academic performance, impactful research papers, and crucial skills for internships and professional roles.
Intermediate Stage
Undertake Diverse Legal Internships- (Semester 3-5)
Seek out internships in various legal settings like trial courts, law firms, NGOs, and corporate legal departments during semester breaks. This hands-on experience provides practical insights into different areas of law and helps identify career interests.
Tools & Resources
University career cell, Online internship portals, Networking with alumni
Career Connection
Internships are vital for practical exposure, building professional networks, and often lead to pre-placement offers. They bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and real-world legal challenges.
Participate in Moot Court Competitions- (Semester 3-5)
Actively participate in intra-college and inter-college moot court competitions. These simulated court proceedings develop oral advocacy, legal research, and drafting skills. Seek mentorship from senior students and faculty for preparation.
Tools & Resources
Moot Court Society, Legal aid clinics, Mock trial sessions
Career Connection
Moot courts are excellent for honing litigation skills, building confidence, and gaining recognition in the legal community, which is highly beneficial for a career in advocacy and judicial services.
Specialize through Electives and Certifications- (Semester 3-5)
As you progress, identify areas of law that genuinely interest you (e.g., IPR, Cyber Law, Corporate Law). Opt for relevant elective subjects and consider pursuing online certification courses to build specialized knowledge and skills.
Tools & Resources
NPTEL, Coursera/edX (for specialized legal courses), Bar Council of India workshops
Career Connection
Specialization makes you a more competitive candidate for niche roles in law firms and corporate legal departments, often leading to higher earning potential and a clearer career path.
Advanced Stage
Focus on Advanced Legal Drafting & Argumentation- (Semester 6-8)
Refine your drafting skills by practicing complex legal documents like writs, appeals, and comprehensive contracts. Engage in advanced legal argumentation sessions, focusing on strategic thinking and persuasive communication, crucial for litigation.
Tools & Resources
Legal clinics, Senior advocates'''' chambers (during internships), Workshops on advanced drafting
Career Connection
Mastery in advanced drafting and argumentation is indispensable for success in legal practice, particularly for roles involving litigation, corporate advisory, and high-level policy formulation, significantly impacting career progression.
Network Extensively and Seek Mentorship- (Semester 6-8)
Actively attend legal seminars, conferences, and alumni meets to build a robust professional network. Seek out mentors among senior lawyers, judges, or legal academics who can guide your career path and provide valuable insights into the Indian legal fraternity.
Tools & Resources
University alumni network, Professional legal associations, LinkedIn
Career Connection
Networking opens doors to job opportunities, collaborations, and crucial guidance for navigating the legal profession in India. A strong network can be a significant asset for long-term career growth.
Prepare Rigorously for Placements & Higher Studies- (Semester 6-8)
Dedicate time to prepare for competitive examinations like the Judicial Services Exam, UPSC (for legal roles), or CLAT LLM if pursuing higher studies. For placements, polish your resume, practice interview skills, and attend mock interviews conducted by the university placement cell.
Tools & Resources
University placement cell, Coaching institutes (if applicable), Previous year question papers
Career Connection
Focused preparation directly translates to successful placements in reputable law firms, corporate houses, or securing admission to top LLM programs, laying a strong foundation for a distinguished legal career in India.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- 10+2 examination of CBSE or equivalent with not less than 50% marks (45% for SC/ST/BC/PwD) in aggregate. Age limit: Not more than 20 years for General category and 22 years for SC/ST/BC/PwD category candidates as on July 31, 2024.
Duration: 5 Years (10 semesters)
Credits: Credits not specified
Assessment: Internal: 20%, External: 80%
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA LLB (H) 101 | General English | Core | 4 | Grammar and Usage, Comprehension and Composition, Precis Writing and Drafting, Legal Terminology, Report Writing |
| BA LLB (H) 102 | Political Science-I (Political Theory) | Core | 4 | Meaning and Nature of Political Science, Concept of State, Justice and Liberty, Equality and Rights, Democracy and Citizenship |
| BA LLB (H) 103 | Sociology-I (Introduction to Sociology) | Core | 4 | Basic Concepts of Sociology, Socialization and Culture, Social Stratification, Social Institutions, Social Change |
| BA LLB (H) 104 | Economics-I (General Principles of Economics) | Core | 4 | Basic Economic Concepts, Demand and Supply, Consumer Behavior, Production and Cost, Market Structures |
| BA LLB (H) 105 | Law of Torts including Motor Vehicle Accidents and Consumer Protection Laws | Core | 4 | General Principles of Tort, Specific Torts, Defences to Tortious Liability, Motor Vehicles Act, Consumer Protection Act |
Semester 2
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA LLB (H) 201 | Legal Language and Legal Writing | Core | 4 | Legal Terminology, Principles of Legal Writing, Drafting of Legal Documents, Interpretation of Statutes, Forensic Linguistics |
| BA LLB (H) 202 | Political Science-II (Indian Government & Politics) | Core | 4 | Constitutional Development in India, Preamble and Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties, Union and State Executive, Judiciary and Electoral System |
| BA LLB (H) 203 | Sociology-II (Indian Society) | Core | 4 | Diversity of Indian Society, Caste System and Social Change, Family and Marriage in India, Rural and Urban Society, Social Problems in India |
| BA LLB (H) 204 | Economics-II (Macro Economics) | Core | 4 | National Income, Inflation and Unemployment, Money and Banking, Fiscal Policy, International Trade |
| BA LLB (H) 205 | Contract Law-I (General Principles of Contract) | Core | 4 | Formation of Contract, Consideration and Capacity, Free Consent, Legality of Object, Discharge of Contract |
Semester 3
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA LLB (H) 301 | History-I (Ancient India) | Core | 4 | Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic and Later Vedic Period, Rise of Mahajanapadas, Mauryan and Gupta Empires, Post-Gupta Period |
| BA LLB (H) 302 | Political Science-III (International Relations) | Core | 4 | Theories of International Relations, Cold War and Post-Cold War Era, United Nations and International Law, Globalisation and Regionalism, India''''s Foreign Policy |
| BA LLB (H) 303 | Psychology-I (General Psychology) | Core | 4 | Introduction to Psychology, Perception and Sensation, Learning and Memory, Motivation and Emotion, Personality |
| BA LLB (H) 304 | English-I (Communication Skills) | Core | 4 | Theories of Communication, Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication, Listening Skills, Presentation Skills, Group Discussion and Interview Skills |
| BA LLB (H) 305 | Contract Law-II (Special Contracts) | Core | 4 | Indemnity and Guarantee, Bailment and Pledge, Agency, Sale of Goods Act, Partnership Act |
Semester 4
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA LLB (H) 401 | History-II (Medieval India) | Core | 4 | Early Medieval Period, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, Bhakti and Sufi Movements, Decline of Mughals |
| BA LLB (H) 402 | Political Science-IV (Public Administration) | Core | 4 | Meaning and Scope of Public Administration, Theories of Organization, Personnel Administration, Financial Administration, Administrative Law |
| BA LLB (H) 403 | Psychology-II (Psychology of Crime) | Core | 4 | Theories of Crime, Development of Criminal Behavior, Psychological Assessment of Offenders, Victimology, Rehabilitation of Offenders |
| BA LLB (H) 404 | Environmental Studies | Core | 4 | Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies, Natural Resources, Ecosystems, Environmental Pollution, Environmental Protection Laws |
| BA LLB (H) 405 | Constitutional Law-I | Core | 4 | Nature of Indian Constitution, Preamble and Citizenship, Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles of State Policy, Constitutional Amendments |
Semester 5
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA LLB (H) 501 | History-III (Modern India) | Core | 4 | Arrival of Europeans, British Rule and its Impact, Social and Religious Reform Movements, Indian National Movement, Partition and Independence |
| BA LLB (H) 502 | Criminology and Penology | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of Criminology, Theories of Crime Causation, Types of Crime, Punishment and its Theories, Prison Reforms and Victimology |
| BA LLB (H) 503 | Constitutional Law-II | Core | 4 | Union and State Executive, Union and State Legislature, Judiciary in India, Centre-State Relations, Emergency Provisions |
| BA LLB (H) 504 | Family Law-I (Hindu Law) | Core | 4 | Sources of Hindu Law, Marriage and Divorce, Adoption and Maintenance, Joint Family and Partition, Guardianship and Minority |
| BA LLB (H) 505 | Law of Crimes-I (Indian Penal Code) | Core | 4 | General Principles of Criminal Law, General Exceptions, Offences against Human Body, Offences against Property, Offences against State |
Semester 6
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA LLB (H) 601 | Public International Law | Core | 4 | Nature and Sources of International Law, Subjects of International Law, State Responsibility, Human Rights Law, International Humanitarian Law |
| BA LLB (H) 602 | Administrative Law | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of Administrative Law, Delegated Legislation, Administrative Discretion, Judicial Review of Administrative Action, Ombudsman and Lokpal |
| BA LLB (H) 603 | Family Law-II (Muslim Law) | Core | 4 | Sources of Muslim Law, Marriage and Dower, Dissolution of Marriage, Guardianship and Maintenance, Waqf and Gifts |
| BA LLB (H) 604 | Law of Crimes-II (Criminal Procedure Code) | Core | 4 | Constitution of Criminal Courts, Arrest and Bail, Investigation and FIR, Trial Procedures, Appeals and Revisions |
| BA LLB (H) 605 | Property Law | Core | 4 | General Principles of Property Law, Transfer of Property Act, Sale, Mortgage, Lease, Gift and Exchange, Easements |
Semester 7
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA LLB (H) 701 | Company Law | Core | 4 | Nature and Characteristics of Company, Formation of Company, Memorandum and Articles of Association, Share Capital and Debentures, Management and Administration |
| BA LLB (H) 702 | Law of Evidence | Core | 4 | Relevancy of Facts, Admissions and Confessions, Dying Declaration, Witnesses and Examination, Burden of Proof |
| BA LLB (H) 703 | Civil Procedure Code-I | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of Civil Procedure, Jurisdiction of Courts, Parties to Suits, Plaint and Written Statement, Issue of Summons |
| BA LLB (H) 704 | Professional Ethics & Professional Accounting System | Core | 4 | Advocates Act and Bar Council, Professional Misconduct, Duties of an Advocate, Contempt of Court, Professional Accounting |
| BA LLB (H) 705 | Drafting, Pleading and Conveyancing (Practical) | Practical | 4 | Pleadings, Drafting of Civil Suits, Drafting of Criminal Petitions, Conveyancing, Deeds and Agreements |
Semester 8
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA LLB (H) 801 | Labour Law-I | Core | 4 | Industrial Disputes Act, Trade Unions Act, Standing Orders Act, Workmen''''s Compensation Act, Factories Act |
| BA LLB (H) 802 | Environmental Law | Core | 4 | Environmental Protection Act, Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, Forest Conservation Act, Wild Life Protection Act |
| BA LLB (H) 803 | Civil Procedure Code-II | Core | 4 | Execution of Decrees, Appeals, References, Revisions, Interim Orders, Special Suits, Arbitration and Conciliation |
| BA LLB (H) 804 | Alternate Dispute Resolution (Practical) | Practical | 4 | Arbitration, Conciliation, Mediation, Negotiation, Lok Adalat |
| BA LLB (H) 805 | Land Laws | Core | 4 | Punjab Land Revenue Act, Punjab Tenancy Act, Land Acquisition Act, Rent Control Act, Ceiling on Land Holdings |
Semester 9
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA LLB (H) 901 | Intellectual Property Rights | Core | 4 | Copyright Law, Patent Law, Trademark Law, Design Law, Geographical Indications |
| BA LLB (H) 902 | Taxation Law | Core | 4 | Income Tax Act, Goods and Services Tax (GST), Direct and Indirect Taxes, Assessment Procedures, Tax Planning |
| BA LLB (H) 903 | Labour Law-II | Core | 4 | Minimum Wages Act, Payment of Wages Act, Bonus Act, Gratuity Act, Employees'''' Provident Fund Act |
| BA LLB (H) 904 | Moot Court, Pre-Trial Preparations and Internship (Practical) | Practical | 4 | Moot Court Exercises, Client Counseling, Pleading Drafting, Interviewing Skills, Court Visits and Internship |
| BA LLB (H) 905 | Interpretation of Statutes and Principles of Legislation | Core | 4 | Rules of Interpretation, Internal and External Aids, Presumptions in Interpretation, Principles of Legislation, Constitutional Aspect of Legislation |
Semester 10
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA LLB (H) 1001 | Banking and Insurance Law | Core | 4 | Banking Regulation Act, Negotiable Instruments Act, Types of Banks, Principles of Insurance, Insurance Regulatory Development Authority (IRDA) |
| BA LLB (H) 1002 | Human Rights Law and Practice | Core | 4 | Concept of Human Rights, International Human Rights Instruments, National Human Rights Commission, Human Rights and Indian Constitution, Protection of Human Rights Act |
| BA LLB (H) 1003 | Private International Law | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of Private International Law, Domicile and Nationality, Marriage and Divorce, Contracts and Torts, Recognition of Foreign Judgements |
| BA LLB (H) 1004 | Cyber Law | Elective | 4 | Introduction to Cyber Law, Cyber Crimes, Information Technology Act, E-commerce and Digital Signatures, Intellectual Property Rights in Cyberspace |
| BA LLB (H) 1005 | Elective - Any one from the prescribed list (Other options include: Media Law, Competition Law, Investment and Securities Law, Health Law, International Trade Law) | Elective | 4 | Based on chosen elective: e.g., Media Law, Competition Law, Investment and Securities Law, Health Law, International Trade Law |
