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BA-LLB-HONS in Constitutional Law at Alliance University
Bengaluru, Karnataka
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About the Specialization
What is Constitutional Law at Alliance University Bengaluru?
This Constitutional Law specialization program at Alliance University provides an intensive study of the Indian Constitution, focusing on its foundational principles, evolving jurisprudence, and impact on governance. It thoroughly examines fundamental rights, directive principles, and the federal structure, alongside the role of the judiciary as the guardian of the Constitution. The curriculum is designed to foster critical thinking and analytical skills, enabling students to address complex constitutional challenges within India''''s dynamic legal and political landscape.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideally suited for aspiring legal professionals keen on pursuing careers in constitutional litigation, judicial services, or public policy advocacy. It attracts fresh law graduates aiming to specialize in public law, as well as those preparing for competitive exams like UPSC Civil Services, where constitutional knowledge is paramount. Working professionals involved in governance, legal research, or non-profit organizations focused on rights-based issues will find this specialization invaluable for enhancing their expertise and impact.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates specializing in Constitutional Law can anticipate diverse career opportunities including roles as constitutional lawyers, judicial officers, legal advisors to government bodies, and legal researchers. Entry-level compensation in these fields typically ranges from INR 4-7 LPA, with significant growth potential for experienced practitioners. The program also offers a strong foundation for higher academic pursuits like LLM or PhD, and aids in qualifying for prestigious public service roles, directly contributing to India''''s legal and governance framework.
Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Master Fundamental Legal Concepts- (Semester 1-2)
Dedicate extensive time to understanding the core principles of subjects like Legal Methods, Law of Torts, and Contracts. These form the essential scaffolding for all subsequent legal studies. Actively participate in class, read primary legal texts (bare acts), and work through case studies. Forming small study groups can be highly effective for clarifying complex concepts and discussing different legal interpretations.
Tools & Resources
Bare Acts (e.g., Indian Contract Act, IPC), Standard textbooks (e.g., Ratanlal & Dhirajlal for Torts), University''''s physical and digital library resources, Online legal dictionaries
Career Connection
A solid grasp of legal fundamentals is indispensable for building a successful legal career, providing the necessary analytical framework for any specialization or professional role.
Develop Strong Legal Research and Writing Skills- (Semester 1-2)
Cultivate robust legal research skills using both online databases and traditional library resources. Learn to efficiently locate relevant statutes, case laws, and academic articles. Practice structuring legal arguments clearly and concisely in written assignments and essays, adhering to proper citation formats. This skill is critical for all legal tasks, from classroom projects to professional briefs.
Tools & Resources
Manupatra (if available), SCC Online (if available), Indian Kanoon, Legal writing guides, Citation manuals
Career Connection
Proficiency in legal research and writing is a core competency highly valued by law firms, judicial clerks, and corporate legal departments, directly impacting efficiency and quality of legal work.
Participate in Public Speaking and Debates- (Semester 1-2)
Engage actively in public speaking, debates, and moot court preparatory sessions to enhance oral communication and argumentation skills. This builds confidence in presenting legal viewpoints persuasively, a vital attribute for courtroom advocacy, client interactions, and academic presentations. Focus on logical reasoning and articulate expression.
Tools & Resources
University debating society, Inter-college debate competitions, Legal current affairs journals, Toastmasters (if available locally)
Career Connection
Exceptional oral communication skills are crucial for litigation, negotiation, and successful interviews, greatly boosting employability and professional presence.
Intermediate Stage
Deepen Understanding of Core Constitutional Law- (Semester 3-5)
Beyond the curriculum of Constitutional Law I & II, proactively read landmark Supreme Court judgments in their entirety, scholarly commentaries, and articles on constitutional jurisprudence. Participate in advanced discussions on contemporary constitutional developments and their societal implications. Attending workshops focused on specific constitutional doctrines will provide further insight and analytical depth.
Tools & Resources
Bare Act of the Indian Constitution, Constitutional Law commentaries (e.g., D.D. Basu, M.P. Jain), Online databases for Supreme Court judgments, Legal journals (e.g., Economic & Political Weekly)
Career Connection
An in-depth understanding of the Constitution is fundamental for any career in public law, judiciary, or policy, forming the bedrock for specialized roles.
Actively Engage in Moot Court Competitions- (Semester 4-6)
Regularly participate in internal and external moot court competitions, especially those with constitutional law themes. This provides invaluable practical exposure to advanced legal research, memorial drafting, and persuasive oral advocacy. It simulates courtroom environments, allowing students to apply theoretical knowledge, understand court procedures, and receive constructive feedback from legal experts.
Tools & Resources
University Moot Court Society, Previous moot court problems and winning memorials, Legal research databases like SCC Online, Faculty mentors for guidance
Career Connection
Mooting experience is highly sought after by law firms and chambers, enhancing practical advocacy skills and significantly improving placement prospects in litigation-focused roles.
Undertake Specialized Internships- (Semester 5-6 (during academic breaks))
Seek internships with lawyers practicing at the High Courts or Supreme Court, judicial clerks, legal departments of government ministries, or NGOs focusing on constitutional rights and advocacy. These experiences offer hands-on exposure to constitutional litigation, legal drafting for public law matters, and court procedures, providing crucial practical insights into the application of constitutional principles.
Tools & Resources
University''''s Career Services Cell, Online internship platforms (e.g., Lawctopus), Networking with alumni and legal professionals, Direct applications to law offices
Career Connection
Practical exposure through specialized internships builds a strong professional network and significantly boosts employability, particularly for roles requiring direct constitutional law application.
Advanced Stage
Focus on Advanced Specialization Electives and Research- (Semester 7-10)
In the later semesters, rigorously engage with the Constitutional Law specialization electives. Undertake advanced research projects, dissertations, or papers on complex and evolving constitutional themes such as judicial accountability, federalism challenges, or constitutional amendments. Aim to publish research in peer-reviewed journals, which will demonstrate deep expertise and contribute to academic discourse.
Tools & Resources
Advanced legal research databases, Specialized constitutional law books and treatises, Faculty supervisors for thesis guidance, Academic conferences and workshops
Career Connection
Advanced specialization and published research significantly strengthen your profile for judicial service examinations, LLM admissions, and specialized legal or policy consulting roles.
Prepare Rigorously for Competitive Examinations- (Semester 8-10)
For students aiming for judicial services (Civil Judge, ADJ, etc.) or civil services (UPSC, State PCS), integrate dedicated exam preparation into your final years. Constitutional Law is a pivotal subject in these exams. Practice previous year''''s question papers, participate in mock tests, and consider joining specialized coaching if beneficial. Focus on both comprehensive knowledge and effective answer writing strategies for legal papers.
Tools & Resources
Judicial/Civil Service exam preparation guides, Previous year''''s question papers and solved answers, Online test series and coaching platforms, Mentorship from successful aspirants
Career Connection
Targeted preparation for these highly competitive exams directly leads to esteemed public service careers in India, offering opportunities for significant impact on governance and justice delivery.
Network Extensively with Legal Luminaries and Alumni- (Semester 9-10)
Actively attend legal conferences, webinars, and workshops focusing on constitutional law. Network with professors, senior advocates, policy makers, and alumni who are prominent in this field. Building strong professional relationships can lead to mentorship opportunities, job referrals, and collaborative projects. Leverage university alumni events and professional networking platforms like LinkedIn.
Tools & Resources
LinkedIn for professional networking, Professional legal associations (e.g., Indian Law Institute), University alumni database, Legal news portals for event announcements
Career Connection
Networking is paramount for career advancement, providing access to exclusive opportunities, valuable career guidance, and establishing a reputable presence in the specialized field of Constitutional Law.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- Pass in 10+2 or equivalent examination with a minimum of 45% marks (40% for SC/ST category) from a recognized board. Performance in Alliance University Law Admission Test (AULAT), followed by a personal interview.
Duration: 10 semesters (5 years)
Credits: 200 Credits
Assessment: Internal: 50%, External: 50%
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BALE 1.1 | Legal Methods | Core | 4 | Introduction to Law and Legal System, Sources of Law (Legislation, Precedent), Legal Reasoning and Logic, Statutory Interpretation, Case Analysis Techniques, Legal Research Fundamentals |
| BALE 1.2 | History I (Ancient & Medieval India) | Core | 4 | Sources of Ancient Indian History, Vedic Period and Post-Vedic Era, Mauryan and Gupta Empires, Advent of Islam and Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Administration and Culture, Socio-Religious Movements |
| BALE 1.3 | Political Science I (Political Theory) | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of Political Science, Concepts of State, Sovereignty, Rights, Liberty, Equality, Justice, Forms of Government, Political Ideologies (Liberalism, Socialism), Political Obligation |
| BALE 1.4 | Economics I (Micro Economics) | Core | 4 | Basic Economic Problems, Demand and Supply Analysis, Consumer Behavior Theories, Production and Cost Analysis, Market Structures (Perfect, Monopoly), Factor Pricing |
| BALE 1.5 | English Language & Communication Skills I | Core | 4 | Grammar and Vocabulary Building, Reading Comprehension Strategies, Listening and Note-taking, Basic Writing Skills (Paragraphs, Essays), Oral Communication Fundamentals, Professional Etiquette |
Semester 2
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BALE 2.1 | Law of Torts including Motor Vehicle Accidents & Consumer Protection Laws | Core | 4 | General Principles of Tortious Liability, Specific Torts (Negligence, Defamation, Nuisance), Defences and Remedies in Tort, Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (Accident Claims), Consumer Protection Act, 2019 (Rights, Redressal), Product Liability |
| BALE 2.2 | History II (Modern India) | Core | 4 | Establishment of British Rule, Major Revolts and Movements, Socio-Religious Reform Movements, Indian National Movement (1885-1947), Constitutional Developments under British Rule, Partition of India and Independence |
| BALE 2.3 | Political Science II (Indian Government & Politics) | Core | 4 | Constituent Assembly and Constitution Making, Salient Features of Indian Constitution, Union Executive (President, PM, COM), Union Legislature (Parliament), Judiciary (Supreme Court), Indian Federalism and Centre-State Relations |
| BALE 2.4 | Economics II (Macro Economics) | Core | 4 | National Income Accounting, Theories of Employment and Money, Inflation, Deflation, Business Cycles, Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy, Balance of Payments, International Trade and Finance |
| BALE 2.5 | English Language & Communication Skills II | Core | 4 | Advanced Grammar and Punctuation, Critical Reading and Analysis, Debate and Discussion Skills, Effective Presentation Skills, Report Writing and Official Correspondence, Interview Skills and Group Discussions |
Semester 3
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BALE 3.1 | Law of Contracts I (General Principles) | Core | 4 | Formation of Contract (Offer, Acceptance), Consideration and Capacity to Contract, Free Consent and Vitiating Factors, Legality of Object and Agreement, Void and Voidable Agreements, Discharge of Contracts and Remedies |
| BALE 3.2 | Constitutional Law I | Core | 4 | Nature of the Indian Constitution, Preamble and its Interpretation, Citizenship (Articles 5-11), Fundamental Rights (Articles 12-35), Directive Principles of State Policy, Fundamental Duties |
| BALE 3.3 | Family Law I (Hindu Law) | Core | 4 | Sources of Hindu Law, Hindu Marriage Act, 1955, Hindu Succession Act, 1956, Adoption and Maintenance, Guardianship under Hindu Law, Joint Hindu Family and Partition |
| BALE 3.4 | Sociology I (Principles of Sociology) | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of Sociology, Sociological Perspectives (Functionalism, Conflict), Culture, Socialization, Social Control, Social Structure and Stratification, Family, Kinship, Marriage, Deviance and Conformity |
| BALE 3.5 | Professional Ethics & Professional Accounting System | Core | 4 | Legal Profession and its Evolution, Advocates Act, 1961 and Bar Council of India Rules, Professional Misconduct and Discipline, Accountancy for Lawyers, Client Counseling and Fees Management, Role of Legal Aid |
Semester 4
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BALE 4.1 | Law of Contracts II (Specific Contracts) | Core | 4 | Contracts of Indemnity and Guarantee, Contracts of Bailment and Pledge, Law of Agency, Sale of Goods Act, 1930, Indian Partnership Act, 1932, Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 |
| BALE 4.2 | Constitutional Law II | Core | 4 | Parliamentary System and its Features, Union Executive and Legislature, State Executive and Legislature, Judiciary: Supreme Court and High Courts, Centre-State Legislative and Administrative Relations, Emergency Provisions |
| BALE 4.3 | Family Law II (Muslim Law & Other Personal Laws) | Core | 4 | Sources of Muslim Law, Marriage (Nikah) and Dower, Divorce (Talaq) and its Forms, Maintenance under Muslim Law, Waqfs, Gifts, Wills, Inheritance, Special Marriage Act, 1954 |
| BALE 4.4 | Sociology II (Indian Society) | Core | 4 | Social Institutions in India, Caste System and its Impact, Tribal Communities and Issues, Rural and Urban Social Structures, Social Problems in India (Poverty, Inequality), Social Change and Development |
| BALE 4.5 | Environmental Law | Core | 4 | Concept of Environment and Pollution, International Environmental Law Regime, Constitutional Provisions on Environment, Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 |
Semester 5
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BALE 5.1 | Criminal Law I (Indian Penal Code) | Core | 4 | Elements of Crime (Mens Rea, Actus Reus), General Explanations and Exceptions, Punishments and their Theories, Offences against Human Body, Offences against Property, Abetment and Criminal Conspiracy |
| BALE 5.2 | Civil Procedure Code | Core | 4 | Jurisdiction of Civil Courts, Institution of Suits, Parties, Pleadings, Appearance of Parties and Examination, Discovery, Inspection, Admissions, Judgment and Decree, Execution of Decrees, Appeals, Reference, Review |
| BALE 5.3 | Administrative Law | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of Administrative Law, Rule of Law and Separation of Powers, Delegated Legislation and its Control, Principles of Natural Justice, Judicial Review of Administrative Action, Ombudsman, Lokpal, Lokayukta |
| BALE 5.4 | Jurisprudence | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of Jurisprudence, Schools of Jurisprudence (Analytical, Historical), Sources of Law (Custom, Precedent, Legislation), Concepts of Rights, Duties, Legal Personality, Possession and Ownership, Theories of Justice |
| BALE 5.5 | Optional Elective I | Elective | 4 | Topics depend on chosen optional elective, e.g., Cyber Law, Competition Law, Human Rights Law, etc. |
Semester 6
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BALE 6.1 | Criminal Law II (Criminal Procedure Code) | Core | 4 | Constitution of Criminal Courts and Powers, Arrest, Search, Seizure, Investigation Procedure by Police, Trial Procedures (Summons, Warrant Cases), Bail and Anticipatory Bail Provisions, Plea Bargaining, Appeals, Revisions |
| BALE 6.2 | Law of Evidence | Core | 4 | Relevancy of Facts, Admissions and Confessions, Dying Declaration, Witnesses and Examination, Burden of Proof and Presumptions, Estoppel |
| BALE 6.3 | Property Law | Core | 4 | Concept of Property (Movable, Immovable), Transfer of Property Act, 1882, Sale, Mortgage, Lease, Gift, Exchange, Easements Act, Trusts and Specific Relief Act, Registration Act, 1908 |
| BALE 6.4 | Company Law | Core | 4 | Nature and Kinds of Companies, Formation and Incorporation of Company, Memorandum and Articles of Association, Share Capital and Debentures, Management and Administration of Companies, Winding Up of Companies |
| BALE 6.5 | Optional Elective II | Elective | 4 | Topics depend on chosen optional elective, e.g., Intellectual Property Rights, Banking & Insurance Law, etc. |
Semester 7
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BALE 7.1 | Public International Law | Core | 4 | Nature and Sources of International Law, States, Recognition, State Succession, Territory and Jurisdiction, Treaties, International Organizations, Settlement of International Disputes, International Humanitarian Law |
| BALE 7.2 | Labour Law I | Core | 4 | Industrial Disputes Act, 1947, Trade Unions Act, 1926, Industrial Employment (Standing Orders) Act, 1946, Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act, 1970, Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act, Collective Bargaining |
| BALE 7.3 | Drafting, Pleading & Conveyancing | Skill Enhancement | 4 | General Principles of Drafting, Pleadings (Plaint, Written Statement, Application), Conveyancing (Sale Deed, Lease Deed, Mortgage Deed), Drafting of Affidavits, Petitions, Legal Notices, Court Documents and Applications, Will and Gift Deed Drafting |
| BALE CL 7.4 | Constitutional Law Specialization Elective I: Comparative Constitutional Law | Specialization Elective | 4 | Concept of Constitutionalism (India, US, UK), Models of Constitution Making, Judicial Review Across Jurisdictions, Federalism: Comparative Perspectives, Human Rights and Constitutional Protection Globally, Constitutional Amendment Processes |
Semester 8
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BALE 8.1 | Human Rights Law | Core | 4 | Theories and Concept of Human Rights, Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), International Covenants (ICCPR, ICESCR), National Human Rights Institutions (NHRC, SHRC), Human Rights in Indian Constitution, Rights of Vulnerable Groups |
| BALE 8.2 | Labour Law II | Core | 4 | Factories Act, 1948, Minimum Wages Act, 1948, Payment of Wages Act, 1936, Employees'''' Compensation Act, 1923, Employees'''' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972 |
| BALE 8.3 | Alternative Dispute Resolution | Skill Enhancement | 4 | Introduction to ADR Mechanisms, Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, Mediation Techniques and Principles, Negotiation Skills and Strategies, Lok Adalat and Permanent Lok Adalat, Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) |
| BALE CL 8.4 | Constitutional Law Specialization Elective II: Constitutional Governance and Rule of Law | Specialization Elective | 4 | Constitutional Morality and Values, Separation of Powers: Theory and Practice, Checks and Balances in Governance, Judicial Independence and Accountability, Electoral Reforms and Processes, Constitutional Bodies and their Role |
Semester 9
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BALE 9.1 | Interpretation of Statutes & Principles of Legislation | Core | 4 | Rules of Statutory Interpretation (Literal, Mischief, Golden), Aids to Interpretation (Internal, External), Presumptions in Interpretation, Construction of Penal and Taxing Statutes, Principles of Good Legislation, Judicial Activism vs. Judicial Restraint |
| BALE 9.2 | Taxation Law | Core | 4 | Constitutional Provisions on Taxation, Income Tax Act, 1961 (Heads of Income), Computation of Taxable Income, Goods and Services Tax (GST) Act, Customs Act, 1962, Tax Authorities and Appeals |
| BALE 9.3 | Clinical Legal Education I (Moot Court/Internship) | Practical/Skill | 4 | Moot Court Preparation and Presentation, Client Counseling Skills, Internship Experience and Report Writing, Legal Aid and Access to Justice, Trial Advocacy Fundamentals, Case Management and Ethical Practice |
| BALE CL 9.4 | Constitutional Law Specialization Elective III: Media Law and Constitution | Specialization Elective | 4 | Freedom of Speech and Expression (Article 19(1)(a)), Restrictions on Media Freedom, Censorship and Regulation of Media, Contempt of Court and Defamation, Right to Privacy and Media Ethics, Regulation of Digital and Social Media |
Semester 10
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BALE 10.1 | International Trade Law | Core | 4 | World Trade Organization (WTO) and its Agreements, GATT, GATS, TRIPS Agreements, Dispute Settlement Mechanism of WTO, Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, Export-Import Policy of India, Trade Remedies (Anti-dumping, Countervailing Duties) |
| BALE 10.2 | Consumer Protection Law & Competition Law | Core | 4 | Consumer Rights and Protection Act, 2019, Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies, Unfair Trade Practices and Misleading Advertisements, Competition Act, 2002 (Anti-competitive Agreements), Abuse of Dominant Position, Combinations and Competition Commission of India |
| BALE 10.3 | Clinical Legal Education II (Internship/Dissertation/Project) | Practical/Skill | 4 | Advanced Legal Research Methodology, Dissertation Writing and Presentation, Project Implementation and Reporting, Advanced Client Interviewing and Counseling, Legal Aid Camp Organization, Ethical Considerations in Legal Practice |
| BALE CL 10.4 | Constitutional Law Specialization Elective IV: Electoral Laws and Constitutional Practice | Specialization Elective | 4 | Election Commission of India (Powers, Functions), Representation of the People Act, 1950 & 1951, Electoral Reforms in India, Disqualification of Legislators, Anti-defection Law (Tenth Schedule), Money Power and Criminalization in Politics |
