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B-A-LL-B-HONS in General at Chitkara University
Patiala, Punjab
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About the Specialization
What is General at Chitkara University Patiala?
This B.A. LL.B. (Hons.) program at Chitkara University focuses on providing a comprehensive understanding of law integrated with humanities subjects. It prepares students for a diverse range of legal careers by fostering critical thinking and analytical skills. The program is designed to meet the evolving demands of the Indian legal profession, offering a blend of theoretical knowledge and practical application to create well-rounded legal professionals.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for high school graduates with a strong academic record and a keen interest in law, social sciences, and humanities. It attracts aspiring lawyers, legal advisors, civil servants, and judicial officers seeking a rigorous and interdisciplinary legal education. Students with a passion for justice, critical analysis, and effective communication will thrive in this environment.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates of this program can expect diverse career paths in India, including roles as advocates in courts, legal advisors in corporate firms, public prosecutors, judicial officers, and civil servants. Entry-level salaries typically range from INR 3-6 lakhs per annum, with experienced professionals earning significantly higher. The program also prepares students for higher studies, such as LL.M. or pursuing specialized legal certifications.
Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Build Strong Foundational Knowledge- (Semester 1-2)
Focus intently on understanding core concepts in Political Science, History, Economics, and foundational Law subjects like Contracts and Torts. Create detailed notes, participate in classroom discussions, and form study groups with peers to clarify doubts and consolidate learning. Utilize library resources and online academic databases for supplementary reading beyond textbooks.
Tools & Resources
University Library Resources, Past Year Question Papers, Study Groups, Legal dictionaries
Career Connection
A strong grasp of foundational subjects is crucial for success in advanced law studies and forms the bedrock for competitive exams like CLAT PG, Judiciary, and UPSC, enabling a robust career start.
Develop Effective Legal Communication- (Semester 1-2)
Actively participate in communication skills classes, focusing on improving both written and oral English, particularly legal English. Practice drafting simple legal documents and engage in mock legal debates. Seek feedback from professors on essays and presentations to refine clarity and persuasive ability.
Tools & Resources
Grammarly, Black''''s Law Dictionary, Legal writing guides, Public speaking clubs
Career Connection
Excellent communication skills are paramount for lawyers, essential for drafting petitions, presenting arguments in court, client counseling, and excelling in corporate legal roles and public service.
Engage in Early Legal Exposure- (Semester 1-2)
Attend guest lectures by legal professionals, judges, and academics. Participate in legal aid clinic activities (even if non-credit) to understand ground realities and societal impact of law. Begin reading legal news and journals to stay updated on contemporary legal issues in India.
Tools & Resources
LiveLaw, Bar and Bench, University Legal Aid Clinic, Legal podcasts
Career Connection
Early exposure helps demystify the legal profession, builds practical understanding, and informs career choices, making students more confident and prepared for future internships and job interviews.
Intermediate Stage
Master Practical Legal Skills through Clinical Courses- (Semester 3-5)
Dedicate significant effort to clinical subjects like Professional Ethics and Drafting, Pleading & Conveyancing. Actively engage in practical exercises, case studies, and simulations. Seek opportunities to draft actual legal documents under supervision and understand the nuances of court procedures.
Tools & Resources
Legal forms and templates, Case law databases (SCC Online, Manupatra), Faculty mentorship
Career Connection
Proficiency in practical skills like drafting and advocacy is directly applicable to litigation, corporate law, and alternative dispute resolution roles, making graduates practice-ready.
Pursue Meaningful Internships- (Semester 3-5)
Identify and apply for internships with law firms, corporate legal departments, NGOs, or individual practitioners during semester breaks. Focus on understanding the work culture, developing professional networks, and applying theoretical knowledge to real-world scenarios. Maintain a detailed log of experiences and learnings.
Tools & Resources
University Career Services, LinkedIn, Internshala, Law firms'''' career pages
Career Connection
Internships are critical for gaining practical experience, building a professional network, and often lead to pre-placement offers (PPOs) or strong recommendations for future employment in top Indian legal organizations.
Participate in Moot Court Competitions- (Semester 3-5)
Actively join the university''''s moot court society and participate in internal and external moot court competitions. This involves extensive legal research, memorial writing, and oral argumentation. Focus on refining logical reasoning and presentation skills under pressure.
Tools & Resources
Moot court training sessions, Legal research databases, Feedback from senior students/faculty
Career Connection
Mooting hones advocacy skills, boosts confidence, and provides invaluable experience in legal argumentation, which is crucial for litigation careers and impresses potential employers during campus placements.
Advanced Stage
Specialize and Conduct Advanced Research- (Semester 6-8)
Carefully choose elective subjects that align with your career interests (e.g., Cyber Law, IPR, M&A, Human Rights). Undertake a comprehensive dissertation or research paper in your chosen area, leveraging advanced legal research methodologies. Present your findings at seminars or conferences.
Tools & Resources
JSTOR, HeinOnline, SSRN, Advanced Legal Research Workshops
Career Connection
Specialized knowledge and advanced research demonstrate expertise, making you a more attractive candidate for niche legal roles, policy-making, or pursuing higher academic degrees like LL.M. abroad or in India.
Focus on Judicial/Civil Services Exam Preparation- (Semester 6-8)
Alongside regular studies, begin dedicated preparation for competitive exams like the Judiciary, UPSC Civil Services, or Public Prosecutor exams. Integrate study of constitutional law, criminal law, and civil procedure with current affairs. Consider joining coaching classes or study groups focused on these exams.
Tools & Resources
Online test series, Standard textbooks for competitive exams, Current affairs journals, Mentors from legal services
Career Connection
Targeted preparation during this stage provides a significant advantage, potentially leading to prestigious careers in the Indian judiciary, public administration, or prosecution services directly after graduation.
Network and Build a Professional Presence- (Semester 6-8)
Attend legal conferences, workshops, and alumni events to network with legal professionals and build connections. Create a professional LinkedIn profile, highlighting academic achievements, internships, and skill sets. Seek mentorship from established lawyers or faculty for career guidance.
Tools & Resources
LinkedIn, Professional legal associations (e.g., Bar Council), Alumni network events, Career counselors
Career Connection
A strong professional network is invaluable for job referrals, career advice, and identifying unadvertised opportunities. A polished online presence is crucial for visibility and credibility in the Indian legal fraternity.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- 10+2 with minimum 50% marks in aggregate (45% for SC/ST candidates).
Duration: 5 years (10 semesters)
Credits: 274 Credits
Assessment: Internal: 40%, External: 60%
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA101 | Business Communication | Core | 4 | Fundamentals of Communication, Types of Communication, Written Communication Skills, Oral Communication Skills, Non-Verbal Communication, Business Correspondence |
| BA102 | English I | Core | 4 | Grammar and Usage, Vocabulary Building, Comprehension and Composition, Sentence Structure, Paragraph Writing, Essay Writing |
| BA103 | Political Science I (Political Theory) | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of Political Science, Concepts of State and Sovereignty, Liberty, Equality, Justice, Rights and Duties, Democracy and Dictatorship, Political Ideologies |
| BA104 | History I (History of Ancient India) | Core | 4 | Sources of Ancient Indian History, Indus Valley Civilization, Vedic and Later Vedic Period, Rise of Magadha and Mauryan Empire, Gupta Age, Post-Gupta Period |
| LB101 | Law of Torts (including Motor Vehicle Accidents & Consumer Protection Laws) | Core | 4 | General Principles of Torts, Defences to an Action in Tort, Specific Torts (Negligence, Nuisance, Defamation), Consumer Protection Act, Motor Vehicles Act, Strict and Absolute Liability |
| LB102 | Law of Contract I (General Principles & Specific Relief Act) | Core | 4 | Formation of Contract, Offer and Acceptance, Consideration and Capacity, Free Consent, Legality of Object, Specific Relief Act |
| LB103 | Legal English & Communication Skills | Core | 4 | Legal Terminology, Reading and Comprehension of Legal Texts, Legal Writing Skills, Oral Advocacy, Interviewing Skills, Mooting Fundamentals |
| AE001 | Environmental Studies | Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course | 2 | Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental Studies, Natural Resources, Ecosystems, Biodiversity and Conservation, Environmental Pollution, Environmental Ethics and Legislation |
Semester 2
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA105 | Sociology I (General Principles) | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of Sociology, Basic Sociological Concepts, Social Structure and Institutions, Culture and Socialization, Social Stratification, Social Change |
| BA106 | Psychology I (General Principles) | Core | 4 | Introduction to Psychology, Methods of Psychology, Perception and Sensation, Learning and Memory, Motivation and Emotion, Personality |
| BA107 | English II (English Language & Literary Composition) | Core | 4 | Advanced Grammar and Usage, Effective Sentence Construction, Essay and Report Writing, Precis Writing and Summarizing, Literary Appreciation, Figures of Speech |
| BA108 | Political Science II (Indian Government and Politics) | Core | 4 | Constituent Assembly and Constitution, Fundamental Rights and Duties, Directive Principles of State Policy, Union and State Executive, Parliament and State Legislatures, Judiciary in India |
| LB104 | Law of Contract II (Specific Contracts) | Core | 4 | Indemnity and Guarantee, Bailment, Pledge, Agency, Sale of Goods Act, Partnership Act |
| LB105 | Constitutional Law I (Basic Principles and Structure of Constitution) | Core | 4 | Constitutionalism and Rule of Law, Salient Features of Indian Constitution, Preamble and Citizenship, State and Territory, Basic Structure Doctrine, Amendment Procedure |
| LB106 | Jurisprudence I (Legal Methods, Indian Legal System & Basic Theory of Law) | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of Jurisprudence, Schools of Jurisprudence, Sources of Law, Concept of Rights and Duties, Legal Personality, Justice and Law |
Semester 3
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA201 | Political Science III (Public Administration) | Core | 4 | Meaning and Scope of Public Administration, Theories of Organization, Principles of Management, Public Policy, Bureaucracy, Accountability and Control |
| BA202 | Economics I (General Principles) | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of Economics, Demand and Supply, Elasticity of Demand, Production and Cost, Market Structures, National Income |
| BA203 | History II (History of Medieval India) | Core | 4 | Rise of Islam and Arab Conquest of Sindh, Delhi Sultanate, Mughal Empire, Bhakti and Sufi Movements, Marathas and Sikhs, Decline of Mughal Empire |
| LB201 | Constitutional Law II (Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles & Constitutional Amendments) | Core | 4 | Right to Equality, Right to Freedom, Protection in Respect of Conviction for Offences, Right to Life and Personal Liberty, Cultural and Educational Rights, Writ Jurisdiction |
| LB202 | Criminal Law I (Indian Penal Code) | Core | 4 | Elements of Crime, General Explanations and Exceptions, Abetment and Criminal Conspiracy, Offences against Human Body, Offences against Property, Offences Relating to Marriage |
| LB203 | Family Law I (Hindu Law) | Core | 4 | Sources and Schools of Hindu Law, Marriage and Matrimonial Remedies, Adoption and Maintenance, Guardianship, Joint Hindu Family, Partition and Succession |
| LB204 | Professional Ethics (Accountancy for Lawyers & Bar Bench Relations) | Clinical | 4 | Advocacy and Professional Ethics, Bar Council of India Rules, Duties of an Advocate, Contempt of Court, Accountancy for Lawyers, Bench-Bar Relations |
Semester 4
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA204 | Sociology II (Indian Society & Social Problems) | Core | 4 | Social Structure of Indian Society, Caste, Class, Tribe, Religious Minorities, Family and Kinship in India, Social Problems (Poverty, Illiteracy, Crime), Social Movements in India |
| BA205 | Economics II (Indian Economy) | Core | 4 | Features of Indian Economy, Economic Planning in India, Agriculture Sector, Industrial Sector, Service Sector, Poverty, Unemployment and Inequality |
| BA206 | History III (Modern Indian History) | Core | 4 | Advent of Europeans in India, Establishment of British Rule, Revolt of 1857, Indian National Movement, Constitutional Developments, Partition and Independence |
| LB205 | Criminal Law II (Criminal Procedure Code I) | Core | 4 | Jurisdiction of Criminal Courts, Arrest of Persons, Summons and Warrants, Search and Seizure, Information to Police, Investigation Procedure |
| LB206 | Family Law II (Mohammedan Law) | Core | 4 | Sources of Muslim Law, Schools of Muslim Law, Marriage (Nikah), Dissolution of Marriage (Talaq), Dower (Mahr) and Maintenance, Guardianship and Waqfs |
| LB207 | Environmental Law | Core | 4 | Concept of Environmental Law, Constitutional Provisions, Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, Environment Protection Act, Wildlife Protection Act |
| LB208 | Drafting, Pleading & Conveyancing | Clinical | 4 | Fundamental Rules of Drafting, Pleadings (Plaint, Written Statement, Petition), Affidavits and Applications, Conveyancing (Sale Deed, Lease Deed), Mortgage Deed and Gift Deed, Wills and Trusts |
| VL101 | Legal Aid Clinic / Internship | Value Added / Non-Credit | 0 | Understanding Legal Aid Services, Client Counseling Techniques, Case Study and Analysis, Field Visits to Legal Aid Cells, Basic Legal Research, Report Writing |
Semester 5
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BA301 | Political Science IV (International Relations) | Core | 4 | Theories of International Relations, Cold War and Post-Cold War Era, United Nations, International Law and Human Rights, Disarmament and Arms Control, Globalization and International Politics |
| BA302 | Economics III (Public Finance) | Core | 4 | Role of Government in Economy, Public Expenditure, Taxation, Public Debt, Fiscal Policy, Budgeting and Financial Administration |
| BA303 | History IV (World History) | Core | 4 | Renaissance and Reformation, Industrial Revolution, World Wars, Cold War, Decolonization, Globalization |
| LB301 | Company Law | Core | 4 | Nature and Kinds of Companies, Formation and Incorporation, Memorandum and Articles of Association, Shares and Debentures, Management and Administration, Winding Up |
| LB302 | Administrative Law | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of Administrative Law, Rule of Law, Delegated Legislation, Administrative Discretion, Principles of Natural Justice, Judicial Review of Administrative Action |
| LB303 | Civil Procedure Code I | Core | 4 | Jurisdiction of Courts, Res Sub-judice and Res Judicata, Parties to Suits, Pleadings, Summons and Discovery, Issue and Service of Process |
| LB304 | Labour Law I (Law of Trade Unions and Industrial Disputes) | Core | 4 | Industrial Relations System, Trade Unions Act, Registration of Trade Unions, Industrial Disputes Act, Strikes, Lockouts, Lay-off, Dispute Settlement Machinery |
| LB305 | Competition Law | Core | 4 | Introduction to Competition Law, Anti-Competitive Agreements, Abuse of Dominant Position, Combinations, Competition Commission of India, Enforcement and Remedies |
Semester 6
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LB306 | Property Law (Transfer of Property Act & Easement Act) | Core | 4 | Concept of Property, Transfer of Property Act, Sale, Mortgage, Lease, Gift and Exchange, Doctrine of Lis Pendens, Easement Act |
| LB307 | Civil Procedure Code II | Core | 4 | Hearing of the Suit and Examination of Witnesses, Judgment and Decree, Execution of Decrees, Appeals, Reference, Review, Revision, Injunctions and Interlocutory Orders, Suits by or Against Government |
| LB308 | Labour Law II (Law of Social Security) | Core | 4 | Workmen''''s Compensation Act, Employees'''' State Insurance Act, Employees'''' Provident Funds Act, Payment of Gratuity Act, Maternity Benefit Act, Child and Adolescent Labour (Prohibition & Regulation) Act |
| LB309 | Public International Law | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of International Law, Sources of International Law, State Recognition, State Jurisdiction, Treaties, Settlement of International Disputes |
| LB310 | Taxation Law (Income Tax & GST) | Core | 4 | Concepts of Taxation, Income Tax Act, Heads of Income, Deductions and Exemptions, Goods and Services Tax (GST), GST Council and Administration |
| LB311 | Alternate Dispute Resolution (ADR) | Clinical | 4 | Introduction to ADR, Arbitration and Conciliation Act, Mediation, Negotiation, Lok Adalats, Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) |
| BA304 | Research Methodology (Law) | Core | 4 | Nature and Scope of Legal Research, Types of Research, Research Design, Data Collection Methods, Legal Writing and Citation, Ethical Issues in Research |
| VL201 | Moot Court / Internship | Value Added / Non-Credit | 0 | Moot Court Fundamentals, Memorial Preparation, Oral Arguments, Court Room Etiquette, Legal Research for Mooting, Mock Trial Practice |
Semester 7
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LB401 | Criminal Procedure Code II | Core | 4 | Complaints to Magistrates, Trial Procedures (Summons, Warrant, Sessions), Plea Bargaining, Bail and Bonds, Judgment, Appeals, Revision, Reference |
| LB402 | Interpretation of Statutes | Core | 4 | Meaning and Object of Interpretation, Rules of Interpretation (Literal, Golden, Mischief), Internal Aids to Interpretation, External Aids to Interpretation, Presumptions in Interpretation, Interpretation of Constitutional Documents |
| LB403 | Land Laws (including Ceiling and Local Laws) | Core | 4 | Concept of Land and Land Reforms, Punjab Land Revenue Act, Punjab Tenancy Act, Land Acquisition Act, Punjab Village Common Lands Act, Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act |
| LB404 | Cyber Law | Core | 4 | Introduction to Cyber Law, Information Technology Act, Digital Signatures, Cyber Crimes, E-Commerce Legal Aspects, Data Protection and Privacy |
| LB405 | Banking & Negotiable Instruments Act | Core | 4 | Banking Regulations Act, Relationship between Banker and Customer, Types of Accounts, Negotiable Instruments Act, Cheques, Bills of Exchange, Promissory Notes, Dishonour of Cheques |
| LB406 | Intellectual Property Rights | Core | 4 | Introduction to IPR, Patent Law, Copyright Law, Trademark Law, Geographical Indications, Protection of Trade Secrets |
| EL101 | Elective I (Law of Evidence / Forensic Science & Law / Health Law / Women & Law) | Elective | 4 | Rules of Evidence (if Law of Evidence chosen), Forensic Techniques (if Forensic Science chosen), Healthcare Legislation (if Health Law chosen), Gender Justice (if Women & Law chosen) |
| VL301 | Socio-Legal Research / Internship | Value Added / Non-Credit | 0 | Research Question Formulation, Literature Review, Data Analysis in Socio-Legal Context, Ethical Research Practices, Report Writing for Policy, Fieldwork Observation |
Semester 8
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LB407 | Law of Evidence | Core | 4 | Concept and Nature of Evidence, Relevancy of Facts, Admissions and Confessions, Dying Declaration, Witnesses and Examination, Burden of Proof |
| LB408 | Human Rights Law | Core | 4 | Concept of Human Rights, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenants, Human Rights in Indian Constitution, National Human Rights Commission, Role of NGOs |
| LB409 | Mergers & Acquisitions | Core | 4 | Concepts of Mergers and Acquisitions, Legal Framework for M&A, Due Diligence, Regulatory Approvals, Takeovers, Cross-border M&A |
| LB410 | Maritime Law | Core | 4 | Sources of Maritime Law, Carriage of Goods by Sea, Marine Insurance, Admiralty Jurisdiction, Collision and Salvage, Pollution from Ships |
| LB411 | Investment & Securities Law | Core | 4 | Securities Market Structure, Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, SEBI Act, Issue of Securities, Insider Trading, Depositories and Custodians |
| EL102 | Elective II (Law of Arbitration & Conciliation / Consumer Protection Law / Media & Law / International Trade Law) | Elective | 4 | Arbitration Procedures (if Arbitration chosen), Consumer Rights (if Consumer Law chosen), Media Regulations (if Media & Law chosen), WTO Principles (if International Trade Law chosen) |
| VL401 | Seminar Paper / Internship | Value Added / Non-Credit | 0 | Advanced Legal Research, Seminar Paper Writing, Presentation Skills, Peer Review, In-depth Case Analysis, Policy Advocacy |
Semester 9
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LB501 | Practical Training / Dissertation | Clinical / Practical | 12 | Advanced Research Methodology, Dissertation Proposal Development, Data Collection and Analysis, Legal Writing for Dissertation, Viva-Voce Preparation, Presentation of Findings |
| EL103 | Elective III (Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code / Competition Law & Policy / Insurance Law / Election Law) | Elective | 4 | Insolvency Resolution Process (if IBC chosen), Competition Policy (if Competition Law & Policy chosen), Principles of Insurance (if Insurance Law chosen), Representation of People Act (if Election Law chosen) |
| EL104 | Elective IV (Criminology & Penology / Child Rights & Juvenile Justice / Sports Law / Aviation Law) | Elective | 4 | Theories of Crime (if Criminology chosen), Juvenile Justice System (if Child Rights chosen), Sports Contracts (if Sports Law chosen), Air Law Conventions (if Aviation Law chosen) |
| CLE101 | Clinical Legal Education (Self-Study and Viva-Voce) | Clinical | 4 | Legal Ethics and Responsibilities, Client Interviewing, Legal Opinion Writing, Trial Advocacy Techniques, Professionalism in Practice, Case Management |
Semester 10
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LB502 | Practical Training / Dissertation (Contd.) | Clinical / Practical | 12 | Dissertation Finalization, Refinement of Research Arguments, Peer Feedback Integration, Preparation for Final Submission, Defense Strategies for Viva, Compliance with Research Ethics |
| EL105 | Elective V (International Humanitarian Law / Law & Medicine / Animal Law / Space Law) | Elective | 4 | Laws of Armed Conflict (if IHL chosen), Medical Ethics and Law (if Law & Medicine chosen), Animal Welfare Legislation (if Animal Law chosen), Outer Space Treaty (if Space Law chosen) |
| EL106 | Elective VI (Law of International Organizations / Refugee Law / International Criminal Law / Comparative Law) | Elective | 4 | Structure of UN and IOs (if IOs Law chosen), Refugee Status Determination (if Refugee Law chosen), Jurisdiction of ICC (if Int. Criminal Law chosen), Legal Systems Comparison (if Comparative Law chosen) |
| CLE102 | Clinical Legal Education (Self-Study and Viva-Voce) | Clinical | 4 | Advanced Trial Practice, Appellate Advocacy, Professional Responsibility, Judgment Analysis, Case Briefing, Court Observation |
