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M-A in Sanskrit at Girls Degree College, Bilgram
Hardoi, Uttar Pradesh
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About the Specialization
What is Sanskrit at Girls Degree College, Bilgram Hardoi?
This M.A. Sanskrit program at Girls Degree College, Hardoi, affiliated with CSJMU, focuses on a deep, comprehensive study of Sanskrit language, literature, philosophy, and ancient Indian wisdom. It delves into Vedic texts, classical literature, grammar, poetics, and various philosophical systems, providing a strong foundation in India’s rich intellectual heritage. The program is designed to preserve and promote traditional Sanskrit knowledge while connecting it to contemporary academic and cultural contexts, fulfilling the growing demand for scholars in Indian studies.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for humanities graduates with a keen interest in Sanskrit language and culture, seeking to delve deeper into classical Indian knowledge systems. It is also suitable for teachers and educators looking to enhance their qualifications in Sanskrit, researchers aspiring to contribute to Indology, and individuals passionate about preserving traditional Indian scholarship. Candidates with a B.A. in Sanskrit or a related field are well-suited, aiming for academic or cultural roles.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates of this program can expect diverse career paths in India, including roles as Sanskrit teachers in schools and colleges (after qualifying UGC NET/SET), academic researchers, content writers for cultural organizations, translators, or editors of ancient texts. Opportunities also exist in government sectors for cultural preservation, archaeology, and museums. Entry-level salaries can range from INR 3-5 LPA, growing significantly with experience, especially in academia or specialized research institutions.
Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Master Core Grammatical Concepts- (Semester 1-2)
Dedicate significant time to understanding Panini''''s grammar (Siddhanta Kaumudi, Karaka, Samasa). Regular practice of derivations and analysis of sentences is crucial. Form study groups to discuss complex rules and exceptions to build a robust grammatical foundation.
Tools & Resources
Laghu Siddhanta Kaumudi, Astadhyayi (with commentaries), Online Sanskrit grammar tutorials, University library Sanskrit resources
Career Connection
A strong grammatical foundation is indispensable for accurate interpretation of texts, advanced research, and effective teaching of Sanskrit, laying the groundwork for a successful scholarly career.
Engage with Classical Literature Deeply- (Semester 1-2)
Beyond prescribed texts, read extensively from various genres of Sanskrit literature (Kavya, Nataka, Stotra) in their original form. Focus on appreciating the nuances of poetic expression, literary devices, and philosophical undertones. Actively participate in literary discussions.
Tools & Resources
Digital libraries of Sanskrit texts (e.g., GRETIL, sanskritdocuments.org), Critical editions of texts, Expert commentaries by renowned scholars
Career Connection
This practice develops critical thinking, literary analysis skills, and a vast knowledge base essential for research, teaching, and cultural content creation in the Indian academic landscape.
Build Foundational Research & Presentation Skills- (Semester 1-2)
Actively participate in classroom presentations on assigned topics. Learn to structure arguments, cite sources (even in Sanskrit, following academic conventions), and present findings clearly. Attend workshops on basic research methodology and academic writing offered by the university.
Tools & Resources
Reference management tools (e.g., Zotero), Presentation software (e.g., PowerPoint, Google Slides), Guidance from faculty on academic integrity and writing standards
Career Connection
These skills are crucial for future research projects, dissertations, conference presentations, and effective communication in any academic, publishing, or professional role in India.
Intermediate Stage
Specialise in a Philosophical or Literary Stream- (Semester 3-4)
Based on interest, choose optional papers (e.g., Mimamsa, Vedanta, Vedanga) and delve deeper into a specific branch of Sanskrit studies. Actively attend seminars and workshops related to the chosen specialization. Read primary texts and major commentaries to build specialized knowledge.
Tools & Resources
Advanced Sanskrit dictionaries (e.g., Monier-Williams), Specialized academic journals on Indology, CSJMU''''s research portal and library resources, Guidance from faculty experts in specific fields
Career Connection
This creates a niche expertise, highly valuable for advanced research, PhD pursuits in India, and becoming a recognized scholar in a particular domain of Indology, enhancing career prospects.
Develop Translation and Commentary Skills- (Semester 3-4)
Practice translating Sanskrit texts into Hindi/English and vice-versa, focusing on accuracy and cultural context. Attempt writing short commentaries (vyakhya) on selected verses or passages, understanding different interpretative traditions and textual criticism.
Tools & Resources
Bilingual dictionaries and thesauruses, Various traditional Sanskrit commentaries (e.g., Shankar Bhashya), Feedback from peers and professors on translation nuances
Career Connection
These skills open doors to roles as a professional translator, editor, content developer for publishing houses, and a researcher working with ancient manuscripts and cultural organizations in India.
Prepare for UGC NET/SET Examinations- (Semester 3-4)
Start preparing for the UGC NET/SET examinations early in the final year. Focus on comprehensive coverage of the M.A. Sanskrit syllabus, regularly solve previous year''''s question papers, and identify strong and weak areas for targeted study. Consider joining relevant coaching or study groups.
Tools & Resources
UGC NET/SET previous year question papers and answer keys, Official syllabus for the UGC NET/SET Sanskrit exam, Standard reference books for Sanskrit literature and philosophy, Online test series
Career Connection
Qualifying NET/SET is essential for eligibility for Assistant Professor positions in Indian universities and colleges, and for Junior Research Fellowship (JRF), crucial for an academic career.
Advanced Stage
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- Bachelor''''s degree (B.A.) with Sanskrit as a subject from a recognized university, with a minimum of 45% marks.
Duration: 2 Years (4 Semesters)
Credits: 64 Credits
Assessment: Internal: 25%, External: 75%
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MASAN101 | संस्कृत साहित्य का इतिहास (History of Sanskrit Literature) | Core | 4 | वैदिक साहित्य (Vedic Literature), रामायण एवं महाभारत (Ramayana & Mahabharata), पुराण एवं बौद्ध साहित्य (Puranas & Buddhist Literature), दृश्य काव्य एवं श्रव्य काव्य (Dramatic & Poetic Literature), महाकाव्य एवं नाटककार (Mahakavya & Dramatists) |
| MASAN102 | वैदिक साहित्य (Vedic Literature) | Core | 4 | वैदिक वांग्मय का परिचय (Introduction to Vedic Vangmaya), संहिता, ब्राह्मण, आरण्यक, उपनिषद (Samhita, Brahmana, Aranyaka, Upanishad), ऋग्वेद एवं यजुर्वेद (Rigveda & Yajurveda), सामवेद एवं अथर्ववेद (Samaveda & Atharvaveda), वैदिक देवता एवं ब्राह्मण ग्रंथों का परिचय (Vedic Deities & Brahmana Texts) |
| MASAN103 | संस्कृत व्याकरण (Sanskrit Grammar) | Core | 4 | सिद्धान्तकौमुदी (Siddhanta Kaumudi), कारक प्रकरण (Karaka Prakarana), समास प्रकरण (Samasa Prakarana), तिङ्गन्त प्रकरण (Tinganta Prakarana), कृदन्त एवं स्त्री प्रत्यय (Krudanta & Stri Pratyaya) |
| MASAN104 | संस्कृत काव्यशास्त्र एवं साहित्य सिद्धान्त (Sanskrit Poetics and Literary Theory) | Core | 4 | काव्य के लक्षण, हेतु, प्रयोजन (Definition, Cause, Purpose of Poetry), रस सिद्धान्त (Rasa Theory), अलंकार सिद्धान्त (Alankara Theory), रीति सिद्धान्त एवं वक्रोक्ति सिद्धान्त (Riti & Vakrokti Theories), ध्वनि सिद्धान्त (Dhvani Theory) |
Semester 2
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MASAN201 | अर्वाचीन संस्कृत साहित्य (Modern Sanskrit Literature) | Core | 4 | आधुनिक संस्कृत साहित्य का परिचय (Introduction to Modern Sanskrit Literature), नव्य न्यास एवं संस्कृत नाटक (New Justice & Sanskrit Drama), समकालीन संस्कृत कविता (Contemporary Sanskrit Poetry), समकालीन संस्कृत गद्य (Contemporary Sanskrit Prose), प्रमुख आधुनिक संस्कृत साहित्यकार (Major Modern Sanskrit Authors) |
| MASAN202 | दर्शन साहित्य (Darsana Literature - Philosophy) | Core | 4 | भारतीय दर्शन का स्वरूप (Nature of Indian Philosophy), न्याय एवं वैशेषिक दर्शन (Nyaya & Vaisheshika Philosophy), सांख्य एवं योग दर्शन (Samkhya & Yoga Philosophy), मीमांसा एवं वेदान्त दर्शन (Mimamsa & Vedanta Philosophy), बौद्ध, जैन एवं चार्वाक दर्शन (Buddhist, Jain & Charvaka Philosophy) |
| MASAN203 | तुलनात्मक भाषा विज्ञान एवं संस्कृत (Comparative Linguistics and Sanskrit) | Core | 4 | भाषा विज्ञान की परिभाषा एवं उद्भव (Definition & Origin of Linguistics), भाषा के भेद एवं वर्गीकरण (Types & Classification of Languages), भारतीय आर्य भाषाएँ (Indo-Aryan Languages), द्रविड़ भाषाएँ (Dravidian Languages), संस्कृत एवं अन्य भाषाओं का तुलनात्मक अध्ययन (Comparative Study of Sanskrit & other Languages) |
| MASAN204 | योग एवं आयुर्वेद (Yoga and Ayurveda) | Core | 4 | योग का स्वरूप एवं अष्टांग योग (Nature of Yoga & Ashtanga Yoga), योग सूत्र का परिचय (Introduction to Yoga Sutra), आयुर्वेद का परिचय एवं सिद्धान्त (Introduction & Principles of Ayurveda), पंचकर्म एवं स्वास्थ्य रक्षा (Panchakarma & Health Preservation), सामान्य रोग एवं उनके उपचार (Common Diseases & their Treatments) |
Semester 3
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MASAN301 | काव्य, नाटक एवं गद्य साहित्य (Kavya, Drama and Prose Literature) | Core | 4 | महाकाव्य: रघुवंशम् (Mahakavya: Raghuvamsam), नाटक: अभिज्ञानशाकुन्तलम् (Drama: Abhijñānaśākuntalam), गद्यकाव्य: कादम्बरी (Prose: Kadambari), चम्पूकाव्य: नलचम्पू (Champu Kavya: Nalachampu), विशेष अध्ययन (Detailed Study of Texts) |
| MASAN302 | व्याकरण एवं भाषिक विश्लेषण (Grammar and Linguistic Analysis) | Core | 4 | महाभाष्य का परिचय (Introduction to Mahabhashya), वाक्यपदीयम् एवं स्फोट सिद्धान्त (Vakyapadiyam & Sphota Siddhanta), शब्दशक्ति (Shabda Shakti), व्युत्पत्ति एवं पद विश्लेषण (Etymology & Word Analysis), अर्थविज्ञान (Semantics) |
| MASAN303 | वेद एवं उपनिषद (Veda and Upanishads) | Core | 4 | ऋग्वेद: अग्नि सूक्त, उषा सूक्त (Rigveda: Agni Sukta, Usha Sukta), शुक्ल यजुर्वेद का परिचय (Introduction to Shukla Yajurveda), तैत्तिरीय संहिता (Taittiriya Samhita), ईशोपनिषद (Ish Upanishad), कठोपनिषद एवं मुण्डकोपनिषद (Katha Upanishad & Mundaka Upanishad) |
| MASAN304 | निबंध, अनुवाद एवं शोध प्रविधि (Essay, Translation and Research Methodology) | Core | 4 | संस्कृत में निबंध लेखन (Essay Writing in Sanskrit), संस्कृत से हिंदी/अंग्रेजी अनुवाद (Translation Sanskrit to Hindi/English), शोध की परिभाषा एवं प्रकार (Definition & Types of Research), शोध-प्रबंध लेखन (Dissertation Writing), सन्दर्भ ग्रंथ एवं शोध नैतिकता (Reference Books & Research Ethics) |
Semester 4
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MASAN401 | आधुनिक संस्कृत साहित्य एवं जनसंचार (Modern Sanskrit Literature and Mass Communication) | Core | 4 | आधुनिक संस्कृत साहित्य में विभिन्न विधाएँ (Various Genres in Modern Sanskrit), संस्कृत पत्रकारिता (Sanskrit Journalism), रेडियो, दूरदर्शन में संस्कृत (Sanskrit in Radio, Television), विज्ञापन एवं जनसंपर्क (Advertising & Public Relations), संस्कृत भाषा का अनुप्रयोग (Application of Sanskrit Language) |
| MASAN402 | प्राचीन भारत का सामाजिक एवं सांस्कृतिक इतिहास (Social and Cultural History of Ancient India) | Core | 4 | प्राचीन भारतीय समाज एवं वर्ण व्यवस्था (Ancient Indian Society & Varna System), आश्रम व्यवस्था एवं संस्कार (Ashrama System & Samskaras), विवाह एवं शिक्षा पद्धति (Marriage & Education System), कला एवं स्थापत्य (Art & Architecture), प्राचीन भारतीय विज्ञान एवं प्रौद्योगिकी (Ancient Indian Science & Technology) |
| MASAN403A | वैकल्पिक पत्र (Optional Paper) - वेदांग एवं प्रातिशाख्य (Vedanga and Pratishakhya) | Elective | 4 | शिक्षा एवं कल्प (Shiksha & Kalpa), व्याकरण एवं निरुक्त (Vyakarana & Nirukta), छंद एवं ज्योतिष (Chhanda & Jyotisha), प्रातिशाख्य का परिचय (Introduction to Pratishakhya), वैदिक भाषा विज्ञान (Vedic Linguistics) |
| MASAN404A | वैकल्पिक पत्र (Optional Paper) - मीमांसा एवं वेदान्त (Mimamsa and Vedanta) | Elective | 4 | मीमांसा दर्शन: अर्थसंग्रह (Mimamsa Darshan: Arthasamgraha), वेदान्त दर्शन: वेदान्तसार (Vedanta Darshan: Vedantasara), ब्रह्म सूत्र का परिचय (Introduction to Brahma Sutra), शंकर भाष्य (Shankara Bhashya), मोक्ष सिद्धान्त (Moksha Siddhanta) |
