

B-SC-HONS in Agriculture at Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences


Solan, Himachal Pradesh
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About the Specialization
What is Agriculture at Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences Solan?
This B.Sc (Hons.) Agriculture program at Shoolini University focuses on developing comprehensive expertise in agricultural science and technology. It integrates modern biotechnology, management practices, and traditional farming methods to address contemporary challenges. The curriculum prepares students for diverse roles in India''''s rapidly evolving agri-food sector, emphasizing sustainable practices and innovation for enhanced productivity and rural development.
Who Should Apply?
This program is ideal for 10+2 graduates with a science background (Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Mathematics or Agriculture) who are passionate about sustainable food production, rural development, and applying scientific principles to agriculture. It caters to aspiring agronomists, plant breeders, soil scientists, and agribusiness professionals seeking to contribute to India''''s agricultural growth story.
Why Choose This Course?
Graduates of this program can expect promising career paths in government (ICAR, state agriculture departments), private agri-businesses, and research institutions. Entry-level salaries in India typically range from INR 3-6 LPA, with significant growth potential up to INR 10-15 LPA for experienced professionals. Roles include agricultural officers, farm managers, research scientists, and agri-entrepreneurs.

Student Success Practices
Foundation Stage
Build Strong Scientific Fundamentals- (Semester 1-2)
Focus on understanding core principles of Agronomy, Soil Science, Botany, and Entomology in Semesters 1-2. Actively participate in lab sessions to grasp practical concepts and correlation with theory. Form study groups with peers to discuss complex topics and reinforce learning.
Tools & Resources
Textbooks, University labs, Agricultural magazines, Peer study groups
Career Connection
A robust foundation is crucial for excelling in advanced subjects and provides the bedrock for specialized roles like research and development in agriculture.
Develop Practical Field Skills Early- (Semester 1-2)
Engage diligently in all practical and field visits from the beginning. Learn to identify crops, pests, diseases, and different soil types. Practice using basic farm tools and equipment. Seek opportunities to assist local farmers or university farm staff during non-class hours.
Tools & Resources
University farm, Field manuals, Local farmer interactions
Career Connection
Early exposure to field realities hones practical skills, making students more competent for farm management, extension work, and research field trials, enhancing employability.
Enhance Communication and Soft Skills- (Semester 1-2)
Utilize communication skills courses to improve public speaking, presentation abilities, and interpersonal skills. Participate in university debates, club activities, and student organizations to build confidence and leadership qualities.
Tools & Resources
Communication skills workshops, Student clubs, Public speaking events
Career Connection
Effective communication is vital for extension officers, marketing roles, and leadership positions in agribusiness, facilitating technology transfer and stakeholder engagement.
Intermediate Stage
Seek Applied Industry Exposure- (Semester 3-5)
Look for short-term internships or summer training programs with agri-input companies, seed production units, or food processing firms. Actively observe and learn about operational processes, quality control, and supply chain dynamics.
Tools & Resources
University career services, Industry contacts, Agri-tech startups
Career Connection
Direct industry exposure provides invaluable real-world experience, bridging academic knowledge with industry demands, and often leads to pre-placement offers or strong recommendations.
Specialize and Build Technical Expertise- (Semester 3-5)
Identify areas of interest (e.g., plant breeding, soil fertility, pest management) and pursue additional certifications or online courses. Engage in mini-projects under faculty guidance to deepen technical knowledge and apply theoretical concepts.
Tools & Resources
NPTEL courses, Coursera/edX for agriculture, Faculty mentorship
Career Connection
Specialized skills make graduates highly competitive for specific roles in R&D, specialized consultancy, and high-tech farming, increasing earning potential.
Network with Professionals and Alumni- (Semester 3-5)
Attend agricultural conferences, seminars, and workshops. Connect with alumni through university events and professional platforms like LinkedIn. These interactions can provide mentorship, internship leads, and insights into industry trends.
Tools & Resources
LinkedIn, University alumni network, Industry events (e.g., AgriTech India)
Career Connection
Networking is instrumental for discovering hidden job opportunities, gaining industry insights, and building a professional support system that accelerates career growth.
Advanced Stage
Excel in Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE)- (Semester 7)
Approach RAWE as a critical learning and application phase. Immerse yourself in village life, understand farmer challenges, and implement extension activities. Document all learnings meticulously and present findings professionally.
Tools & Resources
RAWE manual, Field journals, Local community interaction
Career Connection
Successful RAWE provides strong practical credentials for government roles (e.g., Agricultural Officer) and NGOs focused on rural development, demonstrating direct impact and problem-solving abilities.
Undertake Impactful Research Projects- (Semester 8)
Choose a research project in Semester 8 that addresses a relevant agricultural problem, preferably with practical implications. Focus on robust methodology, data analysis, and clear communication of results. Aim for publication if possible.
Tools & Resources
Research papers, Statistical software (e.g., R, SPSS), Library resources, Faculty advisors
Career Connection
A well-executed research project showcases analytical skills, independent thinking, and problem-solving, which are highly valued in research institutions, academia, and R&D divisions of agri-companies.
Prepare Rigorously for Placements & Higher Studies- (Semester 6-8)
Engage actively with the career services cell for resume building, mock interviews, and group discussion practice. Explore options for competitive exams (e.g., ICAR-JRF, state PSC exams) or pursue postgraduate studies, preparing with dedicated study plans.
Tools & Resources
Career Services Cell, Online aptitude tests, Previous year question papers, Mentors
Career Connection
Thorough preparation ensures securing desirable placements in top agri-firms, government jobs, or admission to prestigious postgraduate programs, setting the trajectory for a successful career.
Program Structure and Curriculum
Eligibility:
- 10+2 (with Physics, Chemistry, Biology/Mathematics or Agriculture) with minimum 50% marks.
Duration: 4 years / 8 semesters
Credits: 194 Credits
Assessment: Internal: 50% (for theory courses), External: 50% (for theory courses)
Semester-wise Curriculum Table
Semester 1
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGR-101 | Fundamentals of Agronomy | Core | 3 | Agriculture and Agronomy Scope, Cropping Systems, Tillage and Seedbed Preparation, Nutrient Management, Weed Management |
| AGR-101 (P) | Fundamentals of Agronomy (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Farm Implements, Weed Identification, Seed Identification, Fertilizer Calculations, Cropping Scheme Preparation |
| BOT-101 | Fundamentals of Botany | Core | 2 | Cell Biology, Plant Tissues, Morphology of Angiosperms, Plant Reproduction, Plant Systematics |
| BOT-101 (P) | Fundamentals of Botany (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Microscopy, Cell Structure, Anatomy of Plants, Flower Dissection, Taxonomic Studies |
| ENT-101 | Fundamentals of Entomology | Core | 2 | Insect Morphology, Insect Classification, Insect Physiology, Insect Ecology, Pest Management Principles |
| ENT-101 (P) | Fundamentals of Entomology (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Insect Collection, Insect Preservation, Identification of Common Insects, Pest Damage Symptoms, Insecticide Application |
| SOIL-101 | Fundamentals of Soil Science | Core | 2 | Soil Formation, Soil Physical Properties, Soil Chemical Properties, Soil Biology, Soil Classification |
| SOIL-101 (P) | Fundamentals of Soil Science (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Soil Sampling, Soil Texture Analysis, pH Measurement, Organic Matter Estimation, Soil Profile Study |
| HORT-101 | Fundamentals of Horticulture | Core | 2 | Scope of Horticulture, Plant Propagation, Fruit Production, Vegetable Production, Floriculture and Landscaping |
| HORT-101 (P) | Fundamentals of Horticulture (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Nursery Management, Propagation Techniques, Pruning and Training, Garden Tools, Identification of Horticultural Crops |
| EXT-101 | Rural Sociology & Educational Psychology | Core | 2 | Rural Sociology Concepts, Social Change in Rural India, Principles of Psychology, Learning and Motivation, Extension Education |
| AEC-101 | Fundamentals of Agricultural Economics | Core | 2 | Definition and Scope of Agricultural Economics, Farm Management Principles, Agricultural Marketing, Agricultural Finance, Agricultural Policies |
| COM-101 | Communication Skills and Personality Development | Ability Enhancement | 2 | Basics of Communication, Listening and Speaking Skills, Presentation Skills, Interview Techniques, Personality Development |
| COM-101 (P) | Communication Skills and Personality Development (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Group Discussions, Role Plays, Public Speaking Practice, Resume Building, Mock Interviews |
Semester 2
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGR-201 | Crop Production Technology-I (Kharif Crops) | Core | 2 | Kharif Cereals Cultivation, Kharif Pulses Production, Oilseeds Management, Fiber Crops, Fodder Crops |
| AGR-201 (P) | Crop Production Technology-I (Kharif Crops) (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Field Preparation, Sowing Techniques, Crop Identification, Yield Estimation, Pest/Disease Identification |
| GEN-201 | Fundamentals of Genetics | Core | 2 | Mendelian Genetics, Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance, Gene Interactions, DNA Structure and Replication, Gene Expression |
| GEN-201 (P) | Fundamentals of Genetics (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Monohybrid Cross, Dihybrid Cross, Chromosomal Aberrations, DNA Isolation, Mitosis and Meiosis |
| PATH-201 | Fundamentals of Plant Pathology | Core | 2 | Disease Concepts, Pathogen Classification, Disease Cycles, Symptoms and Signs, Disease Management Principles |
| PATH-201 (P) | Fundamentals of Plant Pathology (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Microscopy of Pathogens, Disease Diagnosis, Isolation of Pathogens, Fungal Culture, Host-Pathogen Interaction |
| AEB-201 | Agricultural Microbiology | Core | 2 | Microbial Diversity in Soil, Nitrogen Fixation, Decomposition, Biocontrol Agents, Fermentation Technology |
| AEB-201 (P) | Agricultural Microbiology (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Sterilization Techniques, Microbial Culturing, Staining Techniques, Microbial Counts, Biofertilizer Production |
| SSAC-201 | Agricultural Biochemistry | Core | 2 | Biomolecules, Enzymes, Metabolism, Photosynthesis, Respiration |
| SSAC-201 (P) | Agricultural Biochemistry (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Carbohydrate Estimation, Protein Estimation, Enzyme Activity, Chromatography, Spectrophotometry |
| STAT-201 | Agricultural Statistics | Core | 2 | Basic Statistical Concepts, Measures of Central Tendency, Probability, Hypothesis Testing, Experimental Designs |
| STAT-201 (P) | Agricultural Statistics (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Data Collection, Graphical Representation, Mean, Median, Mode Calculation, ANOVA, Regression Analysis |
| ENGG-201 | Farm Machinery and Power | Core | 2 | Farm Power Sources, Tractors, Tillage Implements, Sowing and Planting Equipment, Harvesting Equipment |
| ENGG-201 (P) | Farm Machinery and Power (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Tractor Operation, Implement Adjustment, Machine Maintenance, Field Capacity Calculation, Engine Components |
Semester 3
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGR-301 | Crop Production Technology-II (Rabi Crops) | Core | 2 | Rabi Cereals Cultivation, Rabi Pulses Production, Oilseeds Production, Sugar Crops, Forage Crops |
| AGR-301 (P) | Crop Production Technology-II (Rabi Crops) (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Field Visit to Rabi Crops, Cultural Operations, Yield Component Analysis, Fertilizer Application, Harvesting Techniques |
| GEN-301 | Crop Improvement (Genetics and Plant Breeding) | Core | 2 | Modes of Reproduction in Plants, Domestication and Origin of Crops, Principles of Plant Breeding, Selection Methods, Heterosis Breeding |
| GEN-301 (P) | Crop Improvement (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Emasculation and Hybridization, Pollen Viability, Seed Viability, Germplasm Collection, Breeding Techniques |
| PATH-301 | Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops and their Management | Core | 2 | Diseases of Cereal Crops, Diseases of Pulse Crops, Diseases of Vegetable Crops, Diseases of Fruit Crops, Integrated Disease Management |
| PATH-301 (P) | Diseases of Field and Horticultural Crops and their Management (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Disease Identification, Pathogen Isolation, Fungicide Application, Resistant Variety Identification, Survey and Surveillance |
| SSAC-301 | Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management | Core | 2 | Essential Plant Nutrients, Organic Manures, Inorganic Fertilizers, Biofertilizers, Integrated Nutrient Management |
| SSAC-301 (P) | Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Fertilizer Identification, Compost Preparation, Soil Test for Nutrients, Nutrient Deficiency Symptoms, Fertilizer Application Methods |
| ENT-301 | Pest of Field and Horticultural Crops and their Management | Core | 2 | Pests of Cereal Crops, Pests of Pulse Crops, Pests of Vegetable Crops, Pests of Fruit Crops, Integrated Pest Management |
| ENT-301 (P) | Pest of Field and Horticultural Crops and their Management (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Insect Pest Identification, Damage Assessment, Pesticide Application, Biocontrol Agents, Pheromone Traps |
| AEC-301 | Agricultural Marketing, Trade & Prices | Core | 2 | Agricultural Marketing Concepts, Marketing Channels, Market Institutions, Price Analysis, International Trade |
| AEC-301 (P) | Agricultural Marketing, Trade & Prices (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Market Survey, Price Data Collection, Market Functionaries Study, Commodity Exchange Visit, Marketing Efficiency Calculation |
| ENGG-301 | Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture | Core | 2 | Greenhouse Technology, Polyhouse Cultivation, Hydroponics, Mushroom Cultivation, Post-Harvest Technology |
| ENGG-301 (P) | Protected Cultivation and Secondary Agriculture (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Greenhouse Operations, Shade Net House Construction, Mushroom Unit Visit, Value Addition Techniques, Post-Harvest Losses Assessment |
Semester 4
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGR-401 | Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture | Core | 2 | Concept of Farming System, Components of Farming System, Sustainable Agriculture Principles, Organic Farming, Climate Change and Agriculture |
| AGR-401 (P) | Farming System and Sustainable Agriculture (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Farming System Model Visit, Resource Recycling, Composting Techniques, Agroforestry Practices, Energy Auditing in Farms |
| HORT-401 | Production Technology for Vegetable and Spices | Core | 2 | Production of Solanaceous Vegetables, Cucurbits Production, Cole Crops Production, Root and Tuber Crops, Production of Major Spices |
| HORT-401 (P) | Production Technology for Vegetable and Spices (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Nursery Raising, Cultivation Practices, Harvesting and Post-Harvest, Pest/Disease Identification, Seed Production |
| HORT-402 | Production Technology for Ornamental Crops, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants | Core | 2 | Floriculture Industry, Cultivation of Cut Flowers, Loose Flowers Production, Medicinal Plant Cultivation, Aromatic Plant Cultivation |
| HORT-402 (P) | Production Technology for Ornamental Crops, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Flower Identification, MAP Propagation, Essential Oil Extraction, Landscaping Techniques, Post-Harvest Handling |
| ENT-401 | Insect Ecology and IPM | Core | 2 | Insect Population Dynamics, Ecological Factors, Biological Control, Chemical Control, Integrated Pest Management Strategies |
| ENT-401 (P) | Insect Ecology and IPM (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Insect Sampling, Pest Monitoring Tools, Biocontrol Agent Identification, Insecticide Compatibility, IPM Module Development |
| PATH-401 | Plant Disease Epidemiology and Management | Core | 2 | Principles of Epidemiology, Disease Forecasting, Chemical Control of Diseases, Host Resistance, Quarantine Measures |
| PATH-401 (P) | Plant Disease Epidemiology and Management (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Disease Survey, Incidence and Severity, Fungicide Application, Disease Resistance Screening, Diagnostic Kits |
| GEN-401 | Principles of Seed Technology | Core | 2 | Seed Quality, Seed Production, Seed Processing, Seed Testing, Seed Storage |
| GEN-401 (P) | Principles of Seed Technology (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Seed Purity Analysis, Germination Test, Moisture Content, Seed Treatment, Seed Health Testing |
| EXT-401 | Extension Methodologies for Technology Transfer | Core | 2 | Extension Education Principles, Methods of Extension, Diffusion of Innovations, Communication Models, Participatory Rural Appraisal |
| EXT-401 (P) | Extension Methodologies for Technology Transfer (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Conducting Demonstrations, Farm Visits, Exhibition Organization, Preparation of Extension Materials, Feedback Collection |
Semester 5
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGR-501 | Rainfed Agriculture and Watershed Management | Core | 2 | Characteristics of Rainfed Agriculture, Drought Management, Water Harvesting, Watershed Management Principles, Contour Farming |
| AGR-501 (P) | Rainfed Agriculture and Watershed Management (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Rainfall Data Analysis, Crop Planning for Rainfed Areas, Runoff Measurement, Erosion Control Structures, Participatory Watershed Planning |
| AEB-501 | Principles of Organic Farming | Core | 2 | Concept of Organic Farming, Organic Nutrient Sources, Organic Pest Management, Organic Certification, Economics of Organic Farming |
| AEB-501 (P) | Principles of Organic Farming (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Compost and Vermicompost, Biofertilizer Application, Organic Pesticide Preparation, Organic Farm Visit, Certification Process Study |
| HORT-501 | Post-Harvest Management and Value Addition of Fruits and Vegetables | Core | 2 | Maturity Indices, Harvesting Techniques, Storage Methods, Processing Techniques, Value Added Products |
| HORT-501 (P) | Post-Harvest Management and Value Addition of Fruits and Vegetables (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Quality Assessment, Packaging Materials, Canning and Bottling, Jam and Jelly Making, Drying and Dehydration |
| AEC-501 | Farm Management, Production & Resource Economics | Core | 2 | Farm Planning, Cost Concepts, Production Functions, Resource Allocation, Risk and Uncertainty in Agriculture |
| AEC-501 (P) | Farm Management, Production & Resource Economics (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Farm Budgeting, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Break-Even Analysis, Farm Record Keeping, Profitability Analysis |
| AEB-502 | Livestock Production and Management | Core | 2 | Importance of Livestock, Breeds of Cattle and Buffalo, Poultry Production, Dairy Management, Disease Management |
| AEB-502 (P) | Livestock Production and Management (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Breed Identification, Feed Formulation, Housing Management, Vaccination Schedules, Milk Testing |
| AEB-503 | Agricultural Biotechnology | Core | 2 | Recombinant DNA Technology, Tissue Culture, Genetic Engineering in Crops, Molecular Markers, Biosafety and Ethics |
| AEB-503 (P) | Agricultural Biotechnology (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Media Preparation, Explant Culture, PCR Techniques, Gel Electrophoresis, Bioinformatics Tools |
| SSAC-501 | Problematic Soils and their Management | Core | 2 | Acid Soils, Saline and Alkali Soils, Waterlogged Soils, Erosion Prone Soils, Reclamation Technologies |
| SSAC-501 (P) | Problematic Soils and their Management (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Identification of Problematic Soils, Gypsum Requirement, Leaching Experiments, Green Manuring, Soil Amendments |
| ENGG-501 | Renewable Energy and Green Technology | Elective | 2 | Solar Energy, Biomass Energy, Wind Energy, Biofuels, Energy Conservation |
Semester 6
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AGR-601 | Irrigation and Water Management | Core | 2 | Water Resources, Irrigation Methods, Water Requirement of Crops, Drainage Systems, Water Use Efficiency |
| AGR-601 (P) | Irrigation and Water Management (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Irrigation System Layout, Discharge Measurement, Soil Moisture Estimation, Water Application Efficiency, Drip and Sprinkler Installation |
| HORT-601 | Technology of Production of Fruit Crops | Core | 2 | Tropical Fruits Production, Subtropical Fruits Production, Temperate Fruits Production, Orchard Management, Rejuvenation of Old Orchards |
| HORT-601 (P) | Technology of Production of Fruit Crops (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Identification of Fruit Crops, Pruning and Training, Canopy Management, Nutrient Management, Pest/Disease Management |
| AEB-601 | Agro-Ecological Principles and Practices | Core | 2 | Agro-Ecosystem Concepts, Nutrient Cycling, Pest-Predator Dynamics, Cropping System Design, Agrobiodiversity Conservation |
| AEB-601 (P) | Agro-Ecological Principles and Practices (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Ecological Surveys, Soil Health Assessment, Insect and Disease Monitoring, Agroforestry Models, Integrated Crop Management |
| EXT-601 | Entrepreneurship Development and Business Management | Core | 2 | Concept of Entrepreneurship, Business Plan Preparation, Agri-Business Opportunities, Sources of Finance, Marketing Strategies |
| EXT-601 (P) | Entrepreneurship Development and Business Management (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Case Study Analysis, Market Survey, Business Idea Generation, Interaction with Entrepreneurs, Project Report Preparation |
| AEC-601 | Agricultural Finance and Co-operation | Core | 2 | Role of Agricultural Finance, Sources of Credit, Crop Insurance, Co-operative Movement in India, Rural Banking |
| AEC-601 (P) | Agricultural Finance and Co-operation (Practical) | Lab | 1 | Loan Application Procedure, Bank Visit, Co-operative Society Visit, Credit Appraisal, Risk Assessment |
| SSAC-601 | Geo-Informatics and Nano-Technology for Agriculture | Core | 2 | Remote Sensing Principles, GIS Applications in Agriculture, GPS Technology, Nanomaterials in Agriculture, Precision Agriculture |
| SSAC-601 (P) | Geo-Informatics and Nano-Technology for Agriculture (Practical) | Lab | 1 | GIS Software Basics, Satellite Imagery Interpretation, GPS Device Usage, Nano-Particle Synthesis, Drone Applications |
| ELECTIVE | Elective Course | Elective | 2 | As per chosen elective subject |
| ELECTIVE (P) | Elective Course (Practical) | Elective Lab | 1 | As per chosen elective subject |
Semester 7
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RAWE-701 | Rural Agricultural Work Experience (RAWE) | Experiential Learning | 10 | Crop Production Practices, Plant Protection Measures, Soil Health Management, Extension Activities, Farm Entrepreneurship |
| AIE-701 | Agro-Industrial Attachment / Experiential Learning | Experiential Learning | 10 | Industrial Operations in Agriculture, Processing Units, Supply Chain Management, Quality Control, Agribusiness Practices |
Semester 8
| Subject Code | Subject Name | Subject Type | Credits | Key Topics |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RP-801 | Research Project | Project | 6 | Problem Identification, Literature Review, Methodology Design, Data Collection and Analysis, Thesis Writing and Presentation |
| SEM-801 | Seminar | Project | 1 | Review of Research Topics, Presentation Skills, Scientific Communication, Q&A Handling, Current Agricultural Issues |
| ELECTIVE | Elective Course | Elective | 3 | As per chosen elective subject |
| ELECTIVE (P) | Elective Course (Practical) | Elective Lab | 1 | As per chosen elective subject |




